Accidental Poisoning Causes

1. See Also
   1. Poisoning
2. Epidemiology: Incidence of specific agents in childhood Poisonings
   1. Most common: Cosmetics, personal care products, cleaning agents
   2. Moderately common: Analgesics, topicals, Cold Preparations
   3. Other: Plants, Pesticides, vitamins, Antihistamines, antibiotics, arts and craft supplies
   4. Watson (2005) Am J Emerg Med 23(5): 589-666
3. Causes: Lethal agents to small children (<10 kg) in small doses (e.g. 1-2 tablets)
   1. Benzocaine
   2. Beta Blockers
   3. Calcium Channel Blockers
   4. Chloroquine
   5. Clonidine
   6. Iron preparations
      1. One of the most toxic agents in overdose for small children
      2. Morris (2000) South Med J 93(4): 352-8
   7. Lindane
   8. Lomotil
   9. Methadone
   10. Methyl Salicylate (oil of wintergreen - even in small amounts)
   11. Oxycodone
   12. Phenothiazines
   13. Phenylpropanolamine
   14. Podophyllum
   15. Quinine
   16. Quinidine
   17. Sulfonylureas
   18. Tea Tree Oil
   19. Theophylline
   20. Tricyclic Antidepressants
   21. Bar-Oz (2004) Paediatr Drugs 6(2): 123-6
4. Causes: Medications with Higher Toxicity
   1. Beta Blockers
   2. Calcium Channel Blockers
   3. Chloroquine
   4. Clonidine
   5. Glucophage
   6. Iron preparations
   7. Isoniazid
   8. Lomotil
   9. Methadone
   10. Oxycodone
   11. Phenothiazines
   12. Phenylpropanolamine
   13. Quinine
   14. Quinidine
   15. Sulfonylureas
   16. Theophylline
   17. Tricyclic Antidepressants
5. Causes: Non-Medications or Topical Agents with Higher Toxicity
   1. Alcohols (Ethanol, methanol, Ethylene Glycol)
   2. Benzocaine
   3. Caustics (e.g. toilet cleaners, drain cleaners)
   4. Hydrocarbons (Kerosene, furniture polish, paint thinner, lighter fluid)
   5. Lindane
   6. Methyl Salicylate (oil of wintergreen)
   7. Nail products (acetonitrile, methacrylic acid, nitromethane)
   8. Organophosphates
   9. Paraquat
   10. Podophyllum
   11. Tea Tree Oil
6. Causes: Toxins with delayed effects in overdose
   1. Acetaminophen
   2. Acetonitrile
   3. Anticoagulants (e.g. Warfarin)
   4. Aspirin
   5. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
   6. Dapsone
   7. Enteric-coated or sustained release medications
   8. Ethylene Glycol
   9. Iron
   10. Lithium
   11. Lomotil
   12. Meprobamate
   13. Methanol
   14. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
   15. Sulfonylureas
   16. Theophylline
   17. Thyroid hormones
   18. Toxic Mushrooms
   19. Barry (2005) Pediatr Ann 34(12):937-46