Otolaryngology Book

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Topical DecongestantAka: Spray Decongestant, Oxymetazoline, Phenylephrine, Afrin, Neo-Synephrine

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  1. See Also
    1. Systemic Decongestant
    2. Nasal Saline
  2. Indications
    1. Acute Sinusitis
  3. Precautions
    1. Avoid using longer than 3 days
    2. Overuse results in Rhinitis Medicamentosa
  4. Preparations
    1. Oxymetazoline (Afrin)
      1. Two sprays per nostril bid x2-3 days
    2. Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
      1. Adults: 2 sprays per nostril qid x2-3 days
      2. Child: Neo-Synephrine 1/8% q4-6 hours

Oxymetazoline (C0030071)

Definition (MSH)A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)
Definition (NCI)An imidazole derivative with direct acting sympathomimetic activity. Oxymetazoline binds to and activates alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Upon nasal or ocular administration, oxymetazoline constricts the arterioles in the nose and eye, resulting in decreased nasal and conjunctival congestion, respectively.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD010109
EnglishOxymetazoline, OXYMETAZOLINE PREPARATION
Spanishoximetazolina
Parent ConceptsImidazoles (C0020924), Adrenergic alpha-Agonists (C0001640), [OP800] DECONGESTANTS, TOPICAL OPHTHALMIC (C0973602), Vasoconstrictor Agents (C0042397), Decongestants (C0282374)
SourcesMSH, NCI, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Phenylephrine (C0031469)

Definition (MSH)An alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.
Definition (CSP)direct acting sympathomimetic amine that stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors and is a powerful vasoconstrictor.
Definition (NCI)A direct-acting sympathomimetic amine chemically related to adrenaline and ephedrine with potent vasoconstrictor property. Phenylephrine is a post-synaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist that causes vasoconstriction, increases systolic/diastolic pressures, reflex bradycardia, and stroke output.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD010656
EnglishPhenylephrine, PHENYLEPHRINE PREPARATION
Spanishfenilefrina
Parent ConceptsEthanolamines (C0014983), Adrenergic Agents (C0001637), phenolic amine (C0597207), Adrenergic alpha-Agonists (C0001640), Nasal Decongestants (C0042398), [AU100] SYMPATHOMIMETICS (ADRENERGICS) (C0973492), [OP600] MYDRIATICS/CYCLOPLEGICS, TOPICAL OPHTHALMIC (C0973600), [RS201] HEMORRHOIDAL PREPARATIONS WITHOUT STEROID (C0973646), Decongestants (C0282374)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LNC, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, USPMG, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Afrin (C0718291)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
EnglishAfrin
SourcesNCI, RXNORM
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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