Mental Health Book

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Psychosis

Aka: Psychosis
  1. See Also
    1. Schizophrenia
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence 1% in general population
    2. Age onset in transition from Adolescence to Adulthood
      1. First attack usually occurs before 40 years old
  3. Etiology
    1. Heredity Concordance
      1. Monozygotic twins: 69%
      2. Dizygotic: 13%
    2. Schizoid Personality Disorder
      1. Associated with Schizophrenia (RR=50)
    3. Endocrine, Physical associations are only coincidental
    4. Neurohumoral: Super sensitive receptors
    5. Neurophysiologic: Spiking or slow waves at Hippocampus
  4. General History
    1. Abrupt onset
      1. Psychotic for > 1 month
      2. Signs of disorder for > 6 months
    2. Deterioration
      1. Social
      2. Occupational function
      3. Self care
  5. Types
    1. See Psychosis Types
  6. Symptoms
    1. See Psychosis Symptoms
  7. Examination
    1. See Psychosis Exam
  8. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Psychosis Differential Diagnosis
    2. See Schizophrenia Diagnosis
  9. Labs
    1. See Psychosis Labs
  10. Management
    1. See Neuroleptic Medications
    2. See Schizophrenia
  11. References
    1. (2000) DSM IV, APA, p. 297-343
    2. Freedman (2003) N Engl J Med 349:1738-49
    3. Schultz (2007) Am Fam Physician 75:1821-9

Psychotic Disorders (C0033975)

Definition (NCI) A mental disorder characterized by personality change, impaired functioning, and loss of touch with reality. It may be a manifestation of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or brain tumor.
Definition (NCI) A disorder characterized by personality change, impaired functioning, and loss of touch with reality. It may be a manifestation of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or brain tumor.
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders that cause abnormal thinking and perceptions. People with psychoses lose touch with reality. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs, such as thinking that someone is plotting against you or that the TV is sending you secret messages. Hallucinations are false perceptions, such as hearing, seeing or feeling something that is not there. Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder.

Treatment for psychotic disorders varies by disorder. It might involve drugs to control symptoms, and talk therapy. Hospitalization is an option for serious cases where a person might be dangerous to himself or others.
Definition (NCI) A severe mental disorder in which a person loses the ability to recognize reality or relate to others. The person is not able to cope with the demands of everyday life. Symptoms include being paranoid, having false ideas about what is taking place or who one is, and seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there.
Definition (AIR) WHAT: Psychosis. Psychosis: a loss of contact with reality, a thought disorder, or a change of personality or behavior often associated with delusions, illusions, or hallucinations. WHY: Psychosis may occur in systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, or with the administration of steroids, cimetadine (Tagemet), or reserpine. HOW: A psychosis probably exists if a patient demonstrates one or more of the following major criteria: MAJOR CRITERIA LOSS OF CONTACT WITH REALITY -- evidenced by the misinterpretation of the environment as hostile when friendly or vice versa, generally causing bizarre responses to normal and usual environmental stimuli. THOUGHT DISTURBANCE -- evidenced by incoherence, marked illogical content, marked loose associations, or patient's admission of mental confusion and abnormal rate of mental activity. PERSONALITY/BEHAVIOR CHANGES -- characterized by rapid onset and reversals of previous behavior patterns, often observed by reliable family member or friend. The diagnosis is further strengthened by the presence of one or more of the following minor criteria: MINOR CRITERIA DELUSIONS -- firmly held beliefs that cannot be dissuaded by logical discussion; generally of a threatening, powerful, or grandiose nature. ILLUSIONS -- misperceptions of environmental stimuli, e.g. perceiving a person instead of an actual tree shadow. HALLUCINATIONS -- perceptions without environmental stimuli, e.g. hearing voices/noises or seeing a face/vision. REFS: 1) "Differential Diagnosis of Psychotic Features". In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM III). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1980. 2) Rothfield, N: "Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". In Textbook of Rheumatology (Ch. 69). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1981. 3) Bennet, RM and Spargo, BH: Neuropsychiatric problems in mixed connective tissue disease. Am J Med 65(6), December 1978, pp. 955-62. DN19307-1. 4) Steinberg, AD: "Management of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus". In Textbook of Rheumatology (Ch. 70). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1981.
Definition (MSH) Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Definition (CSP) severest class of psychological disorders, characterized by one or more of severe affective disturbances, profound introspection, withdrawal from reality, hallucinations, or regression.
Concepts Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048)
MSH D011618
ICD9 298.9, 290-299.99
SnomedCT 231483000, 69322001, 192347006
DSM4 298.9
English Psychotic disorder NOS, Atypical psychosis, Psychotic disorder NOS (Atypical psychosis), Psychosis, atypical, Atypical Psychoses, Disorder, Psychotic, Disorders, Psychotic, Psychoses, Psychotic Disorder, Psychotic Disorders, Unspecified psychosis, ATYPICAL PSYCHOSIS, PSYCHOSIS, Psychotic Disorder NOS, Psychosis, NOS, Psychotic disorder, NOS, Psychosis NOS, General Psychoses, PSYCHOTIC DIS, Psychotic, atypical psychosis (diagnosis), atypical psychosis, psychoses (diagnosis), psychoses, PSYCHOSIS ATYPICAL, PSYCHOTIC DISORDER, PSYCHOTIC DISORDER NOS, Psychotic Disorders [Disease/Finding], psychosis nos, psychotic disorders, mental disorder, psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder nos, psychosis, Psychosis, Psychotic disorder, Psychotic disorder (disorder), disorder; psychotic, psychotic; disorder, [X] Psychosis NOS, [X]Psychosis NOS, PSYCHOSES, psychotic
French PSYCHOSE, Psychose SAI, Psychose atypique, Trouble psychotique SAI, Psychose non précisée, Psychose, Psychotique, Trouble psychotique, Psychoses, Troubles psychotiques
Spanish PSICOSIS, Psicosis NEOM, Psicótico, Psicosis atípica, Trastorno psicótico NEOM, Psicosis no especificada, Psychotic disorder, [X]Psychosis NOS, [X] Psychosis NOS, psicosis atípica, psicosis, trastorno psicótico (trastorno), trastorno psicótico, Trastorno psicótico, Psicosis, Trastornos Psicóticos, Trastornos Psicoticos
Italian Disturbo psicotico, Psicosi non specificata, Disturbo psicotico NAS, Psicotico, Psicosi atipica, Psicosi aspecifica, Psicosi, Disturbi psicotici
Dutch niet-gespecificeerde psychose, psychose NAO, psychotische stoornis NAO, atypische psychose, psychose, psychotisch, psychotisch; stoornis, stoornis; psychotisch, psychotische stoornis, Psychosen, Psychotische stoornis, Psychotische stoornissen
German psychotisch, unspezifische Psychose, Psychose NNB, atypische Psychose, PSYCHOSE, Psychose, Psychosen, Psychotische Störungen
Portuguese Psicose NE, Psicose, Perturbação psicótica NE, Psicótico, Psicose atípica, PSICOSE, Perturbação psicótica, Psicoses, Transtornos Psicóticos
Japanese 精神病ＮＯＳ, 精神病性, 非定型精神病, 精神病、詳細不明, 精神病性障害ＮＯＳ, ｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳｾｲ, ｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳ, ｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳｾｲｼｮｳｶﾞｲNOS, ﾋﾃｲｹｲｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳ, ｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲ, ｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳｾｲｼｮｳｶﾞｲ, ｾｲｼﾝﾋﾞｮｳNOS, 精神病-短期反応, 精神病性障害, 短期反応精神病, 精神病, 分裂感情障害, 精神分裂病型障害, 分裂情動障害
Swedish Psykotiska störningar
Czech psychotické poruchy, psychózy, Psychotická porucha NOS, Psychóza, Psychóza NOS, Psychotická porucha, Psychotický, Blíže neurčená psychóza, Atypická psychóza
Finnish Psykoottiset häiriöt
Russian PSIKHOZY, PSIKHOTICHESKIE RASSTROISTVA, SHIZOAFFEKTIVNYI PSIKHOZ, SHIZOFORMNYE PSIKHOZY, PSIKHOZ REAKTIVNYI, ПСИХОЗ РЕАКТИВНЫЙ, ПСИХОЗЫ, ПСИХОТИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА, ШИЗОАФФЕКТИВНЫЙ ПСИХОЗ, ШИЗОФОРМНЫЕ ПСИХОЗЫ
Croatian PSIHOZE
Polish Psychozy, Zaburzenie schizoafektywne, Zaburzenia psychotyczne
Hungarian Psychosis, Psychotikus, Psychotikus zavar k.m.n., Nem meghatározott psychosis, Psychosis k.m.n., Psychotikus zavar, Atypusos psychosis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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