Endocrinology Book

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Thyroid Anatomy

Aka: Thyroid Anatomy, Thyroid Physiology, Thyroid, Thyroid Gland
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  1. See Also
    1. Parathyroid Anatomy
    2. Endocrine Anatomy
    3. Head and Neck Anatomy
  2. Embryology
    1. Develops from Tongue root (foramen cecum)
    2. Formed by 5th-6th week of development
  3. Anatomy
    1. Images
      1. ThyroidAnterior.gif
    2. Normal Adult Thyroid weighs 20-25g
    3. Components
      1. Two Lateral lobes
      2. Isthmus centrally connects the lobes
    4. Near structures
      1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
      2. Parathyroid Glands
  4. Physiology
    1. Stressors stimulate increased Thyroid function
      1. Puberty
      2. Pregnancy
      3. Physiologic stress
    2. Hypothalamus
      1. Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) released
      2. TRH passes down pituitary stalk to pituitary
    3. Anterior Pituitary
      1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) released
      2. TSH passes into circulation to Thyroid
    4. Thyroid
      1. Iodine is absorbed from circulation
      2. Thyroxine (T4) released into circulation
    5. Peripheral Tissues
      1. Triiodothyronine (T3) produced from T4 deiodination
    6. Circulation
      1. Thyroid Binding Globulin (TBG) binds T4 and T3
        1. T4 is 99.96% bound
        2. T3 is 99.7% bound
      2. T4 and T3 stimulate all metabolic processes
        1. T3 is several times more potent than T4
    7. Feedback Loop
      1. Increased T4 and T3 levels suppress TRH and TSH

Thyroid Gland (C0040132)

Definition (NCI) An endocrine gland located at the base of the neck that produces and secretes thyroxine and other hormones. Thyroxine is important for metabolic control.
Definition (FMA) Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of ductless, glandular follicles filled with colloid. Examples: thyroid gland proper, accessory thyroid gland, lingual thyroid gland.
Definition (NCI) An endocrine gland located at the base of the neck that produces and secretes thyroxine and other hormones. Thyroxine is important for metabolic control. (NCI)
Definition (NCI) A gland located beneath the larynx (voice box) that makes thyroid hormone and calcitonin. The thyroid gland helps regulate growth and metabolism.
Definition (UWDA) Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of ductless, glandular follicles filled with colloid. Examples: thyroid gland proper, accessory thyroid gland, lingual thyroid gland.
Definition (MSH) A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.
Definition (CSP) endocrine gland normally situated in the lower part of the front of the neck; secretes, stores and releases the iodine dependent thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyroine which play major endocrine roles in regulating metabolic rate; also secretes thyrocalcitonin.
Concepts Body Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSH D013961
SnomedCT 69748006
HL7 THYRD
English Gland, Thyroid, Glands, Thyroid, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Glands, Thyroid gland, NOS, THYROID GLAND, Thyroid, Thyroids, thyroid gland, thyroid, Thyroid, NOS, B6 THYROID GLAND, Glandula thyroidea, THYROID, thyroid glands, thyroids, Thyroid gland, Thyroid structure, Thyroid structure (body structure), Head and Neck, Thyroid
French Corps thyroïde, Glande thyroide, Thyroïde
Swedish Sköldkörtel
Czech štítná žláza, tyreoidea, glandula thyreoidea, thyreoidea
Finnish Kilpirauhanen
Russian SHCHITOVIDNAIA ZHELEZA, ЩИТОВИДНАЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА
Japanese 甲状腺
Portuguese Glândula Tiróide, Tiróide, Glândula Tireóide, Tireóide
Latvian Vairogdziedzeris
Polish Tarczyca, Gruczoł tarczowy
Croatian ŠTITNA ŽLIJEZDA, ŠTITNJAČA, TIREOIDEJA
Spanish estructura de la glándula tiroides (estructura corporal), estructura de la glándula tiroides, glándula tiroides, Glándula Tiroides, Glandula Tiroides
German Glandula thyreoidea, Schilddrüse
Italian Tiroide
Dutch Glandula thyreoidea, Schildklier
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Thyroid Diseases (C0040128)

Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck, just above your collarbone. It is one of your endocrine glands, which make hormones. The thyroid helps set your metabolism - how your body gets energy from the foods you eat.

Millions of people in the U.S. have thyroid diseases. Most of them are women. If you have a thyroid disease, your body uses energy more slowly or quickly than it should. A thyroid gland that is not active enough, called hypothyroidism, is far more common. It can make you gain weight, feel fatigued and have difficulty dealing with cold temperatures. If your thyroid is too active, it makes more thyroid hormones than your body needs. That condition is hyperthyroidism. Too much thyroid hormone can make you lose weight, speed up your heart rate and make you very sensitive to heat.

There are many causes for both conditions. Treatment involves trying to reset your body's metabolism to a normal rate.
Definition (CSP) condition in which there is a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the thyroid gland, which is a highly vascular endocrine gland that produces the thyroid hormones which are concerned in regulating the metabolic rate of the body.
Definition (MSH) Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D013959
ICD9 246.9, 240-246.99
ICD10 E00-E07.9, E07.9, E00-E07
SnomedCT 14304000, 191036006, 154649009, 190311002, 190232008
English Disease, Thyroid, Diseases, Thyroid, Thyroid Diseases, Unspecified disorder of thyroid, THYROID DISEASE, THYROID DISORDER, Disorders of thyroid gland, THYROID DISEASE, NOS, DISORDER THYROID, Thyroid, Thyroid Disease, DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND, Disease of thyroid gland, Disease of thyroid gland, NOS, Diseases of Thyroid Gland, Disorder of thyroid gland, NOS, HYPOTHYROIDISM, HYPERTHYROIDISM AND OTHER DISORDERS, Thyroid disorder NOS, Disorder of thyroid, unspecified, Thyroid disorder, NOS, THYROID DIS, SECTION B-8 DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND, B-80 HYPOTHYROIDISM, HYPERTHYROIDISM AND OTHER DISORDERS, thyroid disorder, thyroid disorder (diagnosis), Thyroid gland disorders, Disorder thyroid, THYROID ABNORMAL, Disorder of thyroid NOS, Thyroid disorder NOS (disorder), Thyroid disorders, Thyroid Diseases [Disease/Finding], thyroid gland disease, thyroid gland diseases, abnormal thyroid, diseases of the thyroid gland, thyroid disease, thyroid diseases, thyroid gland disorder, thyroid disorders, thyroid abnormal, thyroid gland disorders, Disorders of thyroid gland (E00-E07), Thyroid disease, Thyroid disorder, disease (or disorder); thyroid, thyroid; disorder, Disorder of thyroid gland, Disease of thyroid gland (disorder), Disorder of thyroid gland (disorder), Thyroid Disorders, Thyroid Gland Diseases, Thyroid Gland Disease, Thyroid Gland Disorders, Thyroid Gland Disorder, DISORDERS OF THYROID GLAND
Italian Patologia della tiroide, Patologie della ghiandola tiroidea, Disturbo della tiroide, Patologia della tiroide NAS, Disturbo non specificato della tiroide, Malattie tiroidee
Dutch schildklieraandoening NAO, aandoening schildklier, niet-gespecificeerde schildklieraandoening, aandoening; schildklier, schildklier; aandoening, Schildklieraandoening, niet gespecificeerd, schildklieraandoeningen, thyroïdaandoening, Schildklieraandoening, Schildklierziekte, Schildklierziekten, Ziekte, schildklier-
French Trouble de la thyroïde non précisé, Trouble thyroïdien SAI, TROUBLE THYROIDIEN, Trouble thyroïdien, Troubles de la glande thyroïde, Maladies thyroidiennes, Maladies de la thyroïde
German unspezifische Funktionsstoerung der Schilddruese, Erkrankungen der Schilddruese NNB, Erkrankung der Schilddruese, Krankheit der Schilddruese, nicht naeher bezeichnet, SCHILDDRUESENSTOERUNG, Erkrankungen der Schilddruese, Schilddruesenerkrankung, Schilddrüsenkrankheiten
Portuguese Doença da tiroideia NE, Afecção NE da tiroideia, Afecção da tiroideia, ALTERACAO TIROIDEIA, Anomalia da tireóide, Doenças da tiroideia, Doenças da Glândula Tireóide, Doenças da Tireóide
Spanish Trastorno no especificado del tiroides, Trastorno de tiroides NEOM, enfermedad de la glándula tiroides (trastorno), Disorders of thyroid gland, Disorder of thyroid gland, TIROIDES, TRASTORNO, trastorno tiroideo, SAI (trastorno), trastorno tiroideo, SAI, trastorno tiroideo, Trastorno de tiroides, Trastornos de la glándula tiroides, trastorno de la glándula tiroides, trastorno de la glándula tiroides (trastorno), enfermedad de la glándula tiroides, Enfermedades de la Tiroides, Enfermedades Tiroideas, Enfermedades de la Glandula Tiroides, Enfermedades de la Glándula Tiroides
Japanese 甲状腺障害, 甲状腺障害ＮＯＳ, 詳細不明の甲状腺障害, ｺｳｼﾞｮｳｾﾝｼｮｳｶﾞｲNOS, ｺｳｼﾞｮｳｾﾝｼｮｳｶﾞｲ, ｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲﾉｺｳｼﾞｮｳｾﾝｼｮｳｶﾞｲ
Swedish Sköldkörtelsjukdomar
Czech tyreoidea - nemoci, Porucha štítné žlázy, Porucha štítné žlázy NOS, Poruchy štítné žlázy, Blíže neurčená porucha štítné žlázy, thyreoidea - nemoci
Finnish Kilpirauhasen sairaudet
Russian SHCHITOVIDNOI ZHELEZY BOLEZNI, ЩИТОВИДНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ БОЛЕЗНИ
Korean 상세불명의 갑상샘의 장애
Croatian TIREOIDNE BOLESTI, BOLESTI ŠTITNJAČE, TIROIDNE BOLESTI
Polish Choroby tarczycy
Hungarian Pajzsmirigy nem meghatározott betegsége, Pajzsmirigy betegségek, Pajzsmirigy betegség k.m.n., Pajzsmirigy betegség
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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