Neurology Book

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Brain Tumor

Aka: Brain Tumor, Brain Tumor in Adults
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  1. See Also
    1. Brain Lesion
    2. Pediatric Brain Tumor
    3. HIV related Brain Lesion
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Primary malignant Brain Tumors account for only 2% of all cancers
    2. Incidence: 6.4 cases per 100,000 person-years
    3. Age at peak Incidence for adults: 65-79 years old
    4. Lifetime Prevalence in U.S.
      1. Men: 0.65%
      2. Women: 0.5%
  3. Risk Factors: Environmental (most uproven)
    1. High Dose Ionizing Radiation (Only proven risk factor)
    2. Electromagnetic field exposure (e.g. cellular phones, unproven)
    3. Head Injury (unproven)
    4. Infections (e.g. Toxoplasmosis gondii, unproven)
    5. Chemical exposures (unproven)
      1. Air Pollution from car exhaust
      2. Alcohol Abuse
      3. Hair dyes
      4. Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamine intake
      5. Pesticides
      6. Petroleum products
      7. Solvents
      8. Tobacco abuse
      9. Vinyl Chloride
  4. Risk Factors: Hereditary Condition Associations
    1. Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
    2. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I
    3. Neurofibromatosis
    4. Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
    5. Tuberous Sclerosis
    6. Turcot's Syndrome
    7. Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
  5. Symptoms: Presenting
    1. Headache (70%)
      1. Often occurs in the morning
    2. Seizures (54%)
      1. Most often focal Seizures (e.g. Partial Motor Seizures)
      2. Seizures may progress to Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (e.g. Jacksonian Seizure)
    3. Cognitive or Personality Changes (52%)
      1. Memory loss and decreased alertness
    4. Focal Weakness (43%)
    5. Nausea or Vomiting (31%)
    6. Speech altered (27%)
    7. Altered Level of Consiousness (25%)
    8. Visual Changes (22%)
  6. Signs: Focal findings suggestive of lesion
    1. Eye exam (observe for signs of Increased Intracranial Pressure)
      1. Papilledema (present in only 5% of cases at primary tumor presentation)
      2. Cranial Nerve 6 palsy
    2. Motor Exam
      1. Focal motor weakness
    3. Coordination
      1. Gait disturbance
  7. Types: Primary Brain Tumors in Adults
    1. See Pediatric Brain Tumor for Types in Children
    2. Benign
      1. Meningioma (17%)
        1. Grade 1: Meningioma
        2. Grade 2: Atypical Meningioma
        3. Grade 3: Anaplastic Meningioma (malignant)
      2. Pituitary adenoma (5%)
      3. Schwannoma (3-5%)
      4. Craniopharyngioma (<2%)
    3. Malignant
      1. Gliomas
        1. Astrocytoma (18-20%)
          1. Grade 1: Pilocytic Astrocytoma
          2. Grade 2: Diffuse Astrocytoma
          3. Grade 3: Anaplastic Astrocytoma
        2. Glioblastoma (35-40%)
          1. Grade 4: Glioblastoma
      2. Oligodendroglial Tumor
      3. Pineal Tumor (2%)
      4. Medulloblastoma (<1%)
    4. References
      1. Mahaley (1989) J Neurosurg 71: 826-36
  8. Types: Metastatic Cancer to Brain
    1. Common
      1. Lung Cancer
      2. Breast Cancer
    2. Less common
      1. Hypernephroma
      2. Melanoma
      3. Prostate Cancer
  9. Prognosis: Better prognostic factors
    1. Age under 60 years
    2. Seizure at presentation
    3. Cancer characteristics
      1. Low grade Brain Tumors
      2. Frontal Lobe tumors
      3. Tumor cells with low proliferative activity and tumor necrosis is absent
      4. MGMT gene promotor hypermethylation present
    4. Treatment response
      1. Minimal residual tumor post-resection
  10. References
    1. Behin (2003) Lancet 361(9354):323-31
    2. Buckner (2007) Mayo Clin Proc 82(10):1271-86
    3. Chandana (2008) Am Fam Physician 77:1423-30

Brain Neoplasms (C0006118)

Definition (NCI) The growth of abnormal cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer).
Definition (NCI) A benign or malignant neoplasm that arises from or metastasizes to the brain.
Definition (MSH) Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
Definition (CSP) neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum; subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (metastatic) forms; primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms; brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
Concepts Neoplastic Process (T191)
MSH D001932
ICD9 239.6
SnomedCT 189537005, 254935002, 126952004
English Brain Neoplasms, Neoplasm, Brain, Neoplasms, Brain, Neoplasm of unspecified nature of brain, BRAIN NEOPLASM, brain neoplasm, BRAIN TUMOR, Brain neopl.unspecified nature, Brain tumors, BRAIN NEOPL, NEOPL BRAIN, neoplasm of brain (diagnosis), neoplasm of brain, brain tumor, Brain tumor NOS [Ref.20909], Brain neoplasm NOS, Brain tumor NOS, Brain tumour NOS, Brain Tumors, Tumor, Brain, Tumors, Brain, Neoplasm of unspecified nature of brain (disorder), Brain Neoplasms [Disease/Finding], brain neoplasms, brain tumour, brain tumours, brain tumors, Brain neoplasm, Brain tumor, Brain tumour, BT - Brain tumor, BT - Brain tumour, Neoplasm of brain (disorder), Neoplasm of brain, Brain Neoplasm, Brain Tumor, Neoplasm of Brain, Neoplasm of the Brain, Tumor of Brain, Tumor of the Brain
Italian Tumore del cervello, Tumore cerebrale, Tumore del cervello NAS, Tumore cerebrale NAS, Tumore cerebrale NAS [Rif.20909], Tumore di natura non specificata dell'encefalo, Tumori cerebrali, Neoplasie cerebrali
Dutch hersentumor, hersenneoplasma NAO, hersentumor NAO, hersentumor NAO [Ref.20909], neoplasma van de hersenen niet-gespecificeerd, hersenneoplasma, Gezwel, hersen-, Gezwellen, hersen-, Hersengezwel, Hersengezwellen, Hersentumor
French Tumeur du cerveau SAI, Tumeur du cerveau de nature non précisée, Tumeur cérébrale SAI, Tumeur cérébrale, Tumeur du cerveau SAI [Réf.20909], Tumeur du cerveau, Tumeurs cérébrales, Tumeurs de l'encéphale, Tumeurs du cerveau, Tumeurs encéphaliques
German Neubildung des Gehirns NNB, Hirntumor NNB [Ref.20909], Neubildung unspezifischer Natur des Gehirns, Hirntumor, Hirntumor NNB, Gehirntumor, Neubildung des Gehirns, Hirntumoren, Hirnneoplasien
Portuguese Tumor cerebral NE, Neoplasia cerebral NE, Tumor cerebral, Neoplasia de natureza NE do cérebro, Neoplasias Encefálicas, Tumores Encefálicos, Câncer Cerebral, Tumores Cerebrais Primários Malignos, Tumores Cerebrais, Neoplasias Cerebrais, Câncer de Cérebro, Neoplasia cerebral
Spanish Neoplasia cerebral NEOM, Tumor cerebral NEOM, Tumor cerebral, Tumor cerebral NEOM [Ref.20909], Neoplasia de tipo no especificado de cerebro, Neoplasias Encefálicas, Tumores del Encefalo, Tumores del Encéfalo, Neoplasias Encefalicas, Cáncer del Cerebro, Tumores Primarios Malignos del Cerebro, Tumores del Cerebro, Neoplasias Cerebrales, Cancer del Cerebro, neoplasia de cerebro de naturaleza no especificada (trastorno), neoplasia de cerebro de naturaleza no especificada, neoplasia del encéfalo (trastorno), neoplasia del encéfalo, tumor cerebral, Neoplasia cerebral
Japanese 脳腫瘍ＮＯＳ, 脳の新生物、性質不明, ﾉｳｼﾝｾｲﾌﾞﾂ, 脳新生物ＮＯＳ, ﾉｳｼｭﾖｳNOS, ﾉｳｼｭﾖｳ, ﾉｳｼﾝｾｲﾌﾞﾂNOS, ﾉｳﾉｼﾝｾｲﾌﾞﾂｾｲｼﾂﾌﾒｲ, 脳新生物, 脳腫瘍, 頭蓋内腫瘍
Swedish Hjärntumörer
Czech mozek - nádory, Nádor mozku, Mozkový novotvar NOS, Nádor mozku NOS, Novotvar mozku blíže neurčeného původu, Mozkový nádor, Mozkový nádor NOS, Mozkový novotvar, Mozkový nádor NOS [Ref.20909]
Finnish Aivokasvaimet
Russian MOZGA GOLOVNOGO NOVOOBRAZOVANIIA, МОЗГА ГОЛОВНОГО НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Croatian MOŽDANI TUMORI
Polish Nowotwory mózgu
Hungarian Agyi tumor, Agydaganat k.m.n., Agytumor, Agyi tumor k.m.n., Agydaganat, Agy nem meghatározott természető daganata, Agytumor k.m.n., Agyi tumor k.m.n. (Ref.20909)
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


adult brain tumor (C0220624)

Definition (NCI) A benign or malignant, primary or metastatic neoplasm of the brain occurring in adults.
Concepts Neoplastic Process (T191)
English adult brain tumors, adults brain tumors, brain tumor adult, adults brain tumor, adult brain tumor, brain tumor, adult, Adult Brain Neoplasm, Adult Brain Tumor, Neoplasm of Adult Brain, Neoplasm of the Adult Brain, Tumor of Adult Brain, Tumor of the Adult Brain, Brain Neoplasms, Adult, Brain tumor, adult: General and other
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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