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Viral EncephalitisAka: Encephalitis
- Cause
- Common
- Herpes Simplex encephalitis (Very poor prognosis)
- Adults: Herpes Simplex Virus I
- Neonates: Herpes Simplex Virus II
- Arbovirus
- Eastern equine encephalitis (70-90% poor prognosis)
- Western equine encephalitis (2-20% poor prognosis)
- St. Louis encephalitis (2-20% poor prognosis)
- California encephalitis (generally benign)
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis (generally benign)
- West Nile Virus Encephalitis (severe in elderly)
- Mumps (Generally benign)
- Uncommon
- Enterovirus
- Varicella Zoster Virus
- Epstein-Barr Virus
- Mycoplasma
- Rabies (rare in U.S.)
- Immunocompromised
- Cytomegalovirus (AIDS)
- Symptoms
- Sudden high fever
- Severe Headache
- Meningismus
- Stiff neck
- Depressed mental status
- Lethargy
- Mental confusion
- Coma
- Behavior change
- Seizure
- Dysarthria
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Signs
- Variable signs depending on involvement and organism
- Tremor
- Tongue
- Lips
- Hands
- Ataxia
- Spastic paralysis
- Deep Tendon Reflexes exaggerated
- Labs
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Mild Leukocytosis
- Mild Lymphocytosis
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Increased Protein
- Lymphocytic Pleocytosis
- Management
- Cerebral Edema
- Mannitol
- Corticosteroids
- Only for specific indications
- Avoid in Herpes Simplex Virus
- Seizure control
- Keep high level of suspicion for treatable etiologies
- HSV Encephalitis: Acyclovir IV
- CMV Encephalitis (AIDS): Ganciclovir or Foscarnet
- Course
- Symptomatic: weeks to months
- Prognosis
- Mortality during acute illness: 10%
- High rate of Disability following infection
- Variable depending on specific etiology
- Resources: Patients
- Encephalitis Global Support Website
- http://communities.msn.com/encephalitisglobal
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| Definition (MSH) | Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. |
| Definition (CSP) | inflammation of the brain due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions; viral infections are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047)
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| ICD9 | V12.42 |
| English | BRAIN INFLAMM, Brain Inflammation, Brain Inflammations, ENCEPH, Encephalitis, INFLAMM BRAIN |
| Spanish | encefalitis |
| Credits | Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)
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