Dermatology Book

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Blister

Aka: Blister, Vesiculobullous, Vesicle, Bulla, Bullous Disease, Autoimmune Bullous Dermatoses, Acantholysis, Acantholytic
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  1. Definitions
    1. Vesicle
      1. Raised fluid filled lesion <0.5 cm diameter
    2. Bulla
      1. Raised fluid filled lesion >0.5 cm diameter
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Develops at intersection of skin levels
      1. Epidermal layers
      2. Epidermal-Dermal junction (Deeper lesions)
  3. Types
    1. Subcorneal Vesicle or bulla
      1. Occurs immediately below Stratum Corneum
      2. Examples
        1. Bullous Impetigo
        2. Pemphigus Foliaceus (Superficial Pemphigus)
    2. Spongiosis (e.g. Allergic Contact Dermatitis)
      1. Intracellular edema in epidermal layers
    3. Acantholysis
      1. Occurs in all forms of Pemphigus
      2. Desmosomes (intracellular bridges) disrupted
      3. Results in loss of Keratinocyte cohesion
      4. Acatholytic cells become rounded (from polyhedral)
    4. Viral induced cell destruction (e.g. Varicella)
      1. Epidermal cells expand as they degenerate
  4. Signs
    1. Thin, translucent walls
    2. Contains serum, lymph, blood, or extracellular fluid
    3. Nikolsky's Sign (seen in Pemphigus Vulgaris)
  5. Evaluation: Acute Blistering Condition
    1. Consider Exposures
      1. Insects
      2. Pets
      3. Medications
      4. Contact Dermatitis allergans and irritants
    2. Consider trauma
      1. Burn
      2. Friction injury
    3. Observe for mucosal lesions
    4. Consider systemic causes
      1. Diabetes Mellitus
      2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
      3. Thyroid disease
      4. Porphyria
      5. Celiac Sprue
  6. Labs
    1. Tzanck Smear and viral culture
      1. Indicated for grouped herpetiform Vesicles
    2. Biopsy with Immunofluorescence
      1. Indicated for bullae in older patients
      2. Rule-out Pemphigus or Pemphigoid
  7. Differential Diagnosis: Vesicle or Bulla Depth
    1. Superficial Vesiculobullous Conditions (Intraepidermal)
      1. Pemphigus
      2. Bullous Impetigo
      3. Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
      4. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
      5. Herpes Simplex
      6. Varicella Zoster Virus
    2. Deep Vesiculobullous Conditions (Dermal-Epidermal)
      1. Pemphigoid
      2. Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      3. Erythema Multiforme
      4. Porphyria cutanea tarda
      5. Diabetes Mellitus associated bullae
      6. Renal disease associated bullae
  8. Differential Diagnosis: Bullous Lesions
    1. Autoimmune
      1. Pemphigus Vulgaris
      2. Bullous Pemphigoid
      3. Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      4. Paraneoplastic Pemphigus
      5. Cicatricial Pemphigoid (Scarring Pemphigoid)
      6. Dermatitis Herpetiformis
      7. Linear IgA Dermatosis (LAD)
      8. Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood (CBDC)
      9. Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita (rare)
      10. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
    2. Other Bullous Conditions
      1. Bullous Impetigo
      2. Bullae in Diabetes Mellitus
      3. Herpes Gestationis
  9. Differential Diagnosis: Vesicular Lesions
    1. Drug eruption
    2. Atopic Dermatitis
    3. Contact Dermatitis
    4. Erythema Multiforme
    5. Herpes Simplex Virus
    6. Herpes Zoster
    7. Scabies
    8. Cat Scratch Disease
    9. Varicela Zoster Virus
    10. Dermatitis Herpetiformis
    11. Lichen Planus
    12. Porphyria cutania tarda
  10. References
    1. Goldman (2000) Cecil Medicine, p. 2283
    2. Habif (1996) Dermatology, Mosby-Year, p. 9-10
    3. Rye (1997) Am Fam Physician 55(8):2709-18

Bulla (C0005758)

Definition (SNOMEDCT) A fluid-filled, raised, often translucent lesion, greater than 1 cm in diameter
Definition (NCI) An elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid. (WordNet)
Definition (NCI) A fluid-filled sac in the outer layer of skin. It can be caused by rubbing, heat, or diseases of the skin.
Definition (CSP) visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis.
Definition (MSH) Visible accumulations of fluid within or beneath the epidermis.
Concepts Pathologic Function (T046)
MSH D001768
SnomedCT 287129000, 339008, 247464001, 210984001, 271208000, 408764000
English Bleb, Blister, Bulla, Bullae, Vesication, Vesications, Blebs, BLISTERS, BLISTER, BULLA, Blister, NOS, Blistering eruption, Blister NOS, bulla, vesication, blister, blister (diagnosis), Bullous lesions, Blister NOS (disorder), Blister [Disease/Finding], bullous lesions, bullous lesion, bullae, skin vesicle, Bullous Lesion, Bullous Lesions, Lesion, Bullous, Lesions, Bullous, Blisters, Blistering, Blister (morphologic abnormality), Blister: NOS, Filtering bleb (morphologic abnormality), Filtering bleb
Dutch bulleuze laesies, blaren, bullae, blaarvorming, blaar, Blaar, Bulla, Vesica
French Ampoules, Bulles, Lésions bulleuses, Vésication, VESICULES, Vésicule cutanée, Phlyctène, Vésicule, Bulle, Ampoule, Cloque, Lésion bulleuse
German Blasen, Bullae, blasige Laesionen, BLAESCHENAUSSCHLAG, Blasenbildung, Blase, Bulla
Italian Lesioni bollose, Vescicole, Vescicolazione, Bolle, Lesione bollosa, Vescicazione, Bolla, Vescichetta, Vescicola
Portuguese Formação de bolhas, Lesões bolhosas, Ampolas, VESICULAS, Bolhas, Bolha, Vesícula
Spanish Lesiones ampollosas, Vesiculación, Blisters, AMPOLLAS, Bulla, Ampolla, Ampollas, Bullas, ampolla (anomalía morfológica), ampolla, SAI (trastorno), ampolla, SAI, ampolla, flictena (trastorno), flictena, ampolla filtrante (anomalía morfológica), ampolla filtrante, Vesicación, Vesícula, Vesicacion, Vesicula
Japanese 皮膚水疱, 水疱性病変, 水疱形成, ﾋﾌｽｲﾎｳ, ｽｲﾎｳ, ｽｲﾎｳｾｲﾋﾞｮｳﾍﾝ, ｽｲﾎｳｹｲｾｲ, 水疱, 発疱疹, ブラ
Swedish Blåsa
Czech puchýř, Bulózní léze, Puchýř, Buly, Puchýřnatění, Puchýře
Finnish Rakkula
Russian VOLDYR', BULLA, PUZYREK, БУЛЛА, ВОЛДЫРЬ, ПУЗЫРЕК
Polish Pęcherz, Pęcherz skórny, Pęcherz śluzówkowy, Pęcherze
Hungarian Hólyag, Bullosus laesiók, Hólyagosodó, Bullák, Hólyagok
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Acantholysis (C0000887)

Definition (MSH) Separation of the prickle cells of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis, resulting in atrophy of the prickle cell layer. It is seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris (see PEMPHIGUS) and DARIER DISEASE.
Concepts Pathologic Function (T046)
MSH D000051
SnomedCT 43327007
English Acantholyses, Acantholysis, Acantholysis [Disease/Finding], Acantholysis (morphologic abnormality), acantholysis
Japanese 棘融解, ｷｮｸﾕｳｶｲ
Swedish Akantolys
Czech akantolýza, Akantolýza
Finnish Akantolyysi
Russian AKANTOLIZ, АКАНТОЛИЗ
Polish Akantoliza
Hungarian Acantholysis
Spanish acantólisis (anomalía morfológica), acantólisis, Acantolisis, Acantólisis
Dutch acantholyse, Abces, Acantholysis
French Acantholyse
German Akantholyse
Italian Acantolisi
Portuguese Acantólise
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Acantholytic (C0443130)

Concepts Qualitative Concept (T080)
SnomedCT 263655009
English acantholytic, Acantholytic, Acantholytic (qualifier value)
Spanish acantolítico (calificador), acantolítico
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous (C0037275)

Definition (MSH) Skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. They are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. Lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. Etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (From Scientific American Medicine, 1990)
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D012872
English Vesiculobullous disease of skin, Vesiculobullous dermatosis, Dermatoses, Vesiculobullous, Skin Disease, Vesiculobullous, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous, Vesiculobullous Dermatoses, Vesiculobullous Skin Disease, Vesiculobullous Skin Diseases, SKIN DIS VESICULOBULLOUS, VESICULOBULLOUS SKIN DIS, Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous [Disease/Finding]
Swedish Hudsjukdomar, vesikulobullösa
Czech kůže - nemoci bulózní
Finnish Rakkulaihotaudit
Russian PUZYRNYE DERMATOZY, SNEDDONA-UILKINSONA SINDROM, KOZHNYE BOLEZNI VEZIKULIARNYE, DERMATOZY PUZYRCHATYE, SUBKORNEAL'NYI PUSTULEZ, DERMATOZ PUSTULEZNYI SUBKORNEAL'NYI, ДЕРМАТОЗ ПУСТУЛЕЗНЫЙ СУБКОРНЕАЛЬНЫЙ, ДЕРМАТОЗЫ ПУЗЫРЧАТЫЕ, КОЖНЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ ВЕЗИКУЛЯРНЫЕ, ПУЗЫРНЫЕ ДЕРМАТОЗЫ, СНЕДДОНА-УИЛКИНСОНА СИНДРОМ, СУБКОРНЕАЛЬНЫЙ ПУСТУЛЕЗ
Japanese 角層下膿疱症, スネドン･ウィルキンソン病, 皮膚疾患-水疱性, スネドン-ウィルキンソン病, 水疱性皮膚疾患, 小胞水疱性皮膚疾患, 膿疱症-角層下, Sneddon-Wilkinson病, 皮膚疾患-小胞水疱性
Spanish Dermatopatías Vesiculoampollosas, Dermatopatias Vesiculoampollosas, Dermatopatias Vesiculobullosas, Dermatopatías Vesiculobullosas, Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas, Enfermedades Cutaneas Vesiculoampollosas, Dermatopatías Bullosas, Dermatopatías Bulosas, Enfermedades Ampollosas de la Piel, Enfermedades Bullosas de la Piel, Dermatopatias Bullosas, Dermatopatias Bulosas
Italian Dermatosi vescicolobollosa, Malattie vescicolobollose della pelle
Croatian Not Translated[Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous]
Polish Choroby skóry pęcherzowe
French Dermatoses vésiculo-bulleuses, Dermatoses vésiculobulleuses
German Hautkrankheiten, vesikulobullöse, Vesikulobullöse Hautkrankheiten
Dutch Huidziekte, vesiculobulleuze, Huidziekten, vesiculobulleuze, Vesiculobulleuze huidziekte, Vesiculobulleuze huidziekten
Portuguese Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Vesicle (morphologic abnormality) (C0333262)

Definition (SNOMEDCT) A small (less than 1 cm) fluid-filled lesion, raised above the plane of surrounding skin
Definition (CHV) a small liquid filled sac
Definition (CHV) a small liquid filled sac
Concepts Acquired Abnormality (T020)
SnomedCT 82515000
English VESICLES, vesicle, vesicles, Vesicle, Vesicle (morphologic abnormality)
Spanish vesícula (anomalía morfológica), vesícula
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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