Infectious Disease Book

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Rabies

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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Responsible for 50,000 deaths worldwide per year
    2. Children under age 15 years account for 40% of cases
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Transmitted by bite of infected mammals
    2. Bats are responsible for most U.S. cases of Rabies
    3. Worldwide, Dog Bites are main vector for infection
  3. Symptoms
    1. Early
      1. Local radiating Paresthesia from bite site
      2. Malaise
      3. Nausea
      4. Pharyngitis
    2. Late
      1. Restlessness
      2. Hallucinations
      3. Aerophobia and hydrophobia are pathognomonic
  4. Signs
    1. Early
      1. Wound Inflammation
      2. Hyperesthesia at wound site
    2. Late
      1. Dysarthria
      2. Hoarseness
      3. Aphonia
      4. Dysphagia for fluids
      5. Shallow or irregular breathing
      6. Seizure
      7. Delirium
      8. Opisthotonos stimulated by lights or noises
      9. Hyperactive Deep Tendon Reflexes
      10. Nuchal Rigidity
      11. Abnormal Babinski reflex (Up-going toes)
    3. Terminal signs
      1. Flaccid paralysis
      2. Hospitalization <1 week after symptom onset
      3. Coma within one week of encephalopathy signs
      4. Death
  5. Labs
    1. Saliva
      1. Contains virus
    2. Microscopic exam
      1. Brain and spinal cord of suspected infected animal
    3. Live Observation of suspected infected mammal
  6. Management
    1. See Rabies Prophylaxis
    2. See Dog Bite
  7. Prevention
    1. Rabies Vaccine
    2. Avoid bat exposure
      1. Remove bat roosts from home
    3. Pets should be vaccinated against Rabies
    4. Test for Rabies in pets who succumb to illness quickly
  8. References
    1. Messenger (2002) Clin Infect Dis 35:738
    2. Wilde (2003) Clin Infect Dis 37:96

Rabies Vaccines (C0034496)

Definition (CSP)vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and/or treat rabies.
Definition (MSH)Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and treat RABIES. The inactivated virus vaccine is used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, and in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin, for postexposure prophylaxis.
Definition (HL7V3.0)rabies vaccine, NOS
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Immunologic Factor (T129)
EnglishRabies Human Diploid Cell Vaccine, Rabies Vaccine, RABIES VACCINE PREPARATION, Rabies Vaccines
Spanishvacuna antirrábica, vacuna antirrabica
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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