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Mycoplasma pneumoniaAka: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Walking Pneumonia

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  1. See Also
    1. Bacterial Pneumonia
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Interstitial infection of lung parenchyma
    2. Organism lacks a cell wall
    3. Results in respiratory infections
      1. Atypical Pneumonia (3-10% of infected patients)
      2. Acute Tracheobronchitis
      3. Upper Respiratory Infection
  3. Epidemiology
    1. Affects children (over age 3 years) and young adults
      1. May also be seen in the elderly
  4. Symptoms
    1. Slow, gradual onset of prodromal symptoms
      1. Malaise
      2. Headache
      3. Fever
        1. Usually present longer than 3 days at presentation
    2. Cough
      1. Constant, harsh, dry, hacking non-productive cough
    3. Upper respiratory symptoms (50%)
      1. Pharyngitis
      2. Ear Pain
    4. Accompanying symptoms
      1. Rash
      2. Arthralgias
  5. Signs
    1. Minimal signs
    2. Chest auscultation
      1. Scattered rhonchi
      2. Localized rales
    3. Serous Otitis Media
    4. Wheezing may be present
      1. Usually absent in other Bacterial Pneumonia
      2. Wheezing otherwise more common with Viral Pneumonia
  6. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Viral Pneumonia (e.g. Adenovirus)
    2. Bacterial Pneumonia associated with other atypicals
      1. Chlamydia pneumoniae
      2. Legionella pneumonia
  7. Radiology: Chest XRay
    1. Fine patchy interstitial or perihilar infiltrates
    2. Lower lobe more commonly affected
  8. Labs
    1. Complete Blood Count
      1. WBC Count mildly elevated (10,000 to 15,000)
    2. Cold Agglutinins
      1. Nonspecific
      2. Not sensitive (false negative in 33% of cases)
    3. Mycoplasma complement fixation titers
      1. Obtain acute and convalescent titers
  9. Management: Antibiotic for 10 to 14 days
    1. Erythromycin
    2. Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
    3. Azithromycin (Zithromax)
    4. Doxycycline
      1. Avoid in age <8 years or pregnancy
      2. Dosing: 100 mg PO daily for 10 to 14 days
      3. Alternative dosing
        1. Dose twice daily for 1 day, once daily for 13 days
        2. Reduces gastrointestinal side effects
  10. Complications
    1. Complications are uncommon
    2. Mortality rate: 1.4%
    3. Pulmonary
      1. Pleural Effusion
      2. Empyema
      3. Respiratory distress syndrome
    4. Dermatologic
      1. Erythema Multiforme
      2. Erythema Nodosum
      3. Urticaria
    5. Neurologic
      1. Aseptic Meningitis
      2. Encephalitis
      3. Guillain-Barre Syndrome
      4. Transverse myelitis
    6. Cardiovascular
      1. Myocarditis
      2. Pancreatitis
      3. Pericarditis
    7. Miscellaneous
      1. Hemolytic Anemia
      2. Polyarthritis
  11. References
    1. Gilbert (2001) Sanford Antimicrobial, p. 25
    2. File (1998) Infect Dis Clin North Am 12(3):569
    3. O'Handley (1997) J Am Board Fam Pract 10(6):425
    4. Plouffe (2000) Clin Infect Dis 31:S35
    5. Tan (1999) Can Respir J 6:15A

Mycoplasma pneumonia (C0032302)

Definition (MSH)Interstitial pneumonia caused by extensive infection of the lungs (LUNG) and BRONCHI, particularly the lower lobes of the lungs, by MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE in humans. In SHEEP, it is caused by MYCOPLASMA OVIPNEUMONIAE. In CATTLE, it may be caused by MYCOPLASMA DISPAR.
Definition (CSP)interstitial pneumonia caused by extensive infection of the lungs and bronchi, particularly the lower lobes of the lungs, by Mycoplasma species.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9483.0, 483.0
MSHD011019
Englishcold agglutinin positive pneumonia, Eaton agent pneumonia, Eaton's agent pneumonia, Eatons agent pneumonia, Endemic pneumonia, EP, Infection by PPLO, Mycoplasma Pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, Mycoplasma Pneumonias, mycoplasmal pneumonia, PAP due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PNEU MYCPLSM PNEUMONIAE, Pneumonia due to Eaton's agent, Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pneumonia due to PPLO, PPLO, Primary Atypical Pneumonia, Primary atypical pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Primary Atypical Pneumonias
Spanishneumonia atipica primaria por Mycoplasma pneumoniae, neumonia endemica, neumonia micoplasmatica, neumonia por agente Eaton, neumonia por Mycoplasma, neumonia por Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Parent ConceptsPneumonia, Bacterial (C0004626), Pneumonia due to other specified organisms (C0032287), Mycoplasma Infections (C0026936), Pneumonia due to pleuropneumonia-like organism (C0553970), Infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (C1320200), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesCOSTAR, CSP, DXP, ICD9CM, MSH, MTH, MTHICD9, NDFRT, QMR, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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