Neurology Book

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Altered Level of Consciousness Causes

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  1. See Also
    1. Altered Mental Status in Febrile Returning Traveler
  2. Supratentorial Causes of ALOC or coma
    1. Unilateral hemispheric disease AND herniation
    2. Concussion or Contusion
    3. Meningitis or Encephalitis
    4. Seizure (post-ictal)
    5. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
    6. Cerebrovascular Accident
  3. Infratentorial Causes of ALOC or coma
    1. Basilar Artery occlusion
    2. Brainstem tumor
    3. Cerebellar hemorrhage
    4. Pontine hemorrhage
    5. Traumatic posterior fossa hemorrhage
  4. Toxin Causes of ALOC or coma
    1. See Toxin Induced Altered Level of Consciousness Causes
  5. Cardiopulmonary Cause of ALOC or coma
    1. Hypoxia
    2. Hypercarbia
    3. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
    4. Pulmonary Embolus
  6. Gastrointestinal, Renal and Endocrine Causes of ALOC
    1. Hepatic Encephalopathy
    2. Renal insufficiency
    3. Electrolyte disturbance
    4. Adrenal Insufficiency
    5. Diabetes Mellitus
    6. Peritonitis
    7. Thyroid disease (Hypothyroidism)
  7. Other Causes of ALOC or coma
    1. Heat Stroke
    2. Hypothermia
    3. Sepsis
    4. Vasculitis
    5. Hyperviscosity Syndromes
  8. Mnemonic: AEIOU TIPS
    1. Alcohol or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
    2. Electrolytes, Encephalopathies, endocrine problems
    3. Insulin (Hypoglycemia)
    4. Opiates or Overdose
    5. Uremia
    6. Trauma, Temperature, or Toxemia
    7. Infections (Sepsis, Meningitis)
    8. Psychogenic or Pulmonary Embolus
    9. Space occupying lesions, Strokes, Shock, Seizure
  9. Mnemonic: I WATCH DEATH
    1. Infection
    2. Withdrawal
    3. Acute metabolic causes
    4. Trauma
    5. CNS Causes
    6. Hypoxia
    7. Deficiencies (Nutritional)
    8. Endocrinopathies
    9. Acute Vascular Causes
    10. Toxins or Drugs
    11. Heavy Metals

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