Neurology Book

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HSV Encephalitis

Aka: HSV Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
  1. See Also
    1. Encephalitis
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Most common cause of sporadic focal Encephalitis
  3. Etiology
    1. Adults
      1. Herpes Simplex Virus Type I
      2. Herpes Simplex Virus Type II (rare)
    2. Neonates
      1. Perinatal Herpes Simplex Virus Type II transmission
  4. Pathophysiology
    1. Destructive lesions by HSV infection
      1. Inferior Frontal Lobe
      2. Anterior Temporal Lobe
  5. Symptoms
    1. Behavioral changes
    2. Memory changes
    3. Personality Changes
  6. Labs
    1. CSF Culture
      1. Generally not useful
  7. Diagnosis
    1. CT Head or MRI Head imaging
      1. Diffuse edema
      2. Characteristic frontal and Temporal Lobe involvement with necrosis
    2. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
      1. Findings localize to frontal and Temporal Lobe
      2. Periodic sharp wave activity temporally
      3. Background of focal or diffuse slowing
    3. Brain biopsy
      1. Gold standard for diagnosis
  8. Management
    1. Acyclovir
      1. Dose: 10-12.5 mg/kg IV every 8 hours for 10-14 days
      2. Directions: Give dose over 60 minutes
      3. Start early to maximize best possible outcome
      4. Start empirically
  9. Complications
    1. Dementia
    2. Personality Disorder
    3. Memory loss
    4. Aphasia
  10. Prognosis
    1. Mortality: 10-40%
    2. High risk of severe residual neurologic deficit

Herpes encephalitis (C0276226)

Definition (MSHFRE) Inflammation aiguë (rarement chronique) et pouvant être mortelle du tissu cérébral due à une infection par Herpes simplex. La majorité des infections (avec multiplication locale du virus) sont dues au virus de l'herpès humain de type 1, plus rarement au virus de l'herpès humain de type 2. Les manifestations cliniques incluent de la fièvre, des céphalées, des convulsions, des hallucinations, des altérations du comportement, une aphasie, une hémiparésie et un coma. Lors de l'examen anatomopathologique, on retrouve une nécrose hémorragique des lobes temporaux médian et inférieur et des régions orbitales du lobe frontal . (Extr. Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)
Definition (NCI) A serious viral disorder characterized by infection of the brain by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. Herpes simplex virus type 1 affects adults, whereas herpes simplex virus type 2 affects newborns. Signs and symptoms include fever, headaches, vomiting, seizures and psychiatric manifestations.
Definition (MSH) An acute (or rarely chronic) inflammatory process of the brain caused by SIMPLEXVIRUS infections which may be fatal. The majority of infections are caused by human herpesvirus 1 (HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN) and less often by human herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, HUMAN). Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; HALLUCINATIONS; behavioral alterations; APHASIA; hemiparesis; and COMA. Pathologically, the condition is marked by a hemorrhagic necrosis involving the medial and inferior TEMPORAL LOBE and orbital regions of the FRONTAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp751-4)
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D020803
ICD10 B00.4
SnomedCT 428638009, 79450003, 266100001, 192688003
English ENCEPHALITIS, HERPES, HEMMORRHAGIC ENCEPHALITIS, HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS, HERPETIC ENCEPHALITIS, STRUMPELL-LEICHTENSTERN ENCEPHALITIS, Herpes encephalitis, HSE - Herpes simplex encephal, HSE - Herpes simplex encephalitis, Herpes simplex encephalitis, Herpetic encephalitis, Herpesviral encephalitis, HERPETIC ENCEPH, HERPES ENCEPH, ENCEPH HERPES SIMPLEX, HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPH, Encephalitis due to Herpesvirus (disorder), Herpes encephalitis (disorder), Herpes simplex encephalitis (disorder), Encephalitis due to Herpesviridae, Encephalitis due to Herpesvirus, Herpes simplex encephalitis (diagnosis), Encephalitis herpes, ENCEPHALITIS HSV, Encephalitis, Herpes, Herpes Encephalitis, Encephalitides, Herpes Simplex, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Simplex Encephalitides, Herpes Simplex Encephalitis, Encephalitides, Herpetic, Encephalitis, Herpetic, Herpetic Encephalitides, Herpetic Encephalitis, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex [Disease/Finding], encephalitis hsv, herpes simplex encephalitis, hsv encephalitis, encephalitis herpes, herpes encephalitis, herpetic encephalitis, Herpes simplex encephalitis [Ambiguous]
Dutch herpes-simplex-encefalitis, Encefalitis door Herpesvirus, herpesencefalitis, Encefalitis, herpes simplex, Herpes-simplexencefalitis
French Encéphalite à Herpès simplex, Encéphalite herpétique, Encéphalite à herpès simplex
German Herpes simplex-Enzephalitis, Enzephalitis durch Herpesviren, Herpes-Enzephalitis, Enzephalitis, Herpes simplex, Herpes-simplex-Enzephalitis
Portuguese Encefalite de herpes simples, Encefalite herpética, Encefalite Causada pelo Vírus Herpes Simples, Encefalite por Herpes Simples
Spanish Encefalitis por herpes simple, Herpes simplex encephalitis [Ambiguous], Herpes simplex encephalitis, Encefalitis por Herpes Simplex, Encefalitis por Herpes Simple, Meningoencefalitis por el Simplex Virus del Herpes, Meningoencefalitis por el Virus Herpes Simplex, encefalitis herpética, encefalitis por virus herpes, encefalitis herpética (trastorno), Encefalitis herpética
Japanese ヘルペス脳炎, ﾀﾝｼﾞｭﾝﾍﾙﾍﾟｽﾉｳｴﾝ, ﾍﾙﾍﾟｽﾉｳｴﾝ, 単純ヘルペス髄膜脳炎, 脳炎-ヘルペス性急性壊死性, ヘルペス性急性壊死性脳炎, 単純ヘルペス脳炎, 髄膜脳炎-単純ヘルペス, 脳炎-単純ヘルペス
Swedish Hjärninflammation, herpes simplex
Czech encefalitida - herpes simplex, Encefalitida způsobená virem herpes simplex, Herpetická encefalitida
Finnish Herpes simplex -enkefaliitti
Italian Encefalite erpetica, Encefalite da herpes, Encefalite da herpes simplex
Russian ENTSEFALIT GERPETICHESKII OSTRYI NEKROTIZIRUIUSHCHII, ENTSEFALIT GERPETICHESKII, GERPETICHESKII ENTSEFALIT, MENINGOENTSEFALIT GERPETICHESKII, ГЕРПЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ЭНЦЕФАЛИТ, МЕНИНГОЭНЦЕФАЛИТ ГЕРПЕТИЧЕСКИЙ, ЭНЦЕФАЛИТ ГЕРПЕТИЧЕСКИЙ, ЭНЦЕФАЛИТ ГЕРПЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ОСТРЫЙ НЕКРОТИЗИРУЮЩИЙ
Korean 헤르페스바이러스 뇌염
Polish Zapalenie mózgu wywołane opryszczką zwykłą, Zapalenie mózgu opryszczkowe
Hungarian Herpes simplex encephalitis, herpes encephalitis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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