Nephrology Book

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EdemaAka: Fluid Overload

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  1. See Also
    1. Leg Edema
  2. Definition
    1. Abnormal interstitial fluid accumulation
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Localized Edema
      1. Loss of vascular integrity
        1. Changes in capillary hemodynamics
      2. Increase in tissue oncotic pressure
        1. Increased interstitial protein concentration
      3. Increase in hydrostatic pressure
        1. Norepinephrine results in renal vasoconstriction
        2. Renin results in sodium absorption
        3. Aldosterone results in water retention
    2. Generalized edema
      1. Implies >3 Liters interstitial fluid accumulation
      2. Sodium and water retention
        1. Kidney senses decreased perfusion
        2. Kidney senses decreased circulating volume
  4. Causes
    1. Categories of Edema
      1. Localized Edema Causes
      2. Generalized Edema Above the Diaphragm
      3. Generalized Edema Below the Diaphragm
    2. Miscellaneous Edema Types
      1. Medication Causes of Edema
      2. Exercise edema
      3. Idiopathic Edema
      4. High Altitude Edema (Facial and lower limb edema)
      5. Tropical Edema
      6. Periodic edema
  5. Symptoms
    1. Unexplained weight gain
    2. Ring tightness
    3. Shoe tightness
    4. Facial swelling or puffiness
    5. Swollen arms or legs
    6. Abdominal distention
  6. Signs
    1. See Edema evaluation
    2. Palpable swelling of skin or subcutaneous tissue
      1. Pitting edema
      2. Non-Pitting edema (Brawny edema)
  7. Radiology
    1. Chest XRay
      1. Evaluate for Congestive Heart Failure
    2. Lower Extremity Doppler Ultrasound
      1. Evaluate for Deep Vein Thrombosis
  8. Labs
    1. Renal Function test
      1. Serum Creatinine
      2. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
    2. Serum Albumin
    3. Liver Function Test
    4. Urinalysis
    5. Urine test for thiazides or Phenolphthalein
      1. Confirms Diuretic abuse or Laxative abuse

Fluid overload (C0546817)

Definition (CSP)abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9276.6
EnglishExcess fluid volume, Fluid excess, Fluid overload, Fluid volume excess, HYPERVOLAEMIA, hypervolemia, Volume excess
Spanishexceso de liquidos, exceso de volumen de liquido, hipervolemia, L.E.C. aumentado, liquido extracelular aumentado
Parent ConceptsDisorder of fluid AND/OR electrolyte (C0267994), Cardiovascular Diseases (C0007222), Metabolic Diseases (C0025517), Fluid volume disorder (C0267995), Physical findings (C0311392), Hemic, General and NEC (C0549528), Water Balance Disorders (C0549566), Fluid and Electrolyte Manifestation (C1333624), Fluid overload (C0546817), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesAOD, CSP, CST, ICD9CM, LNC, MTH, NCI, PNDS, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Disorder characterized by edema (C1290849)

ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
EnglishDisorder characterised by oedema, Disorder characterized by edema
Spanishtrastorno caracterizado por la presencia de edema
Parent ConceptsDisease (C0012634), Edema (C0013604)
SourcesSCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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