Nephrology Book

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Generalized Edema Below the DiaphragmAka: Bilateral Leg Edema

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  1. See Also
    1. Edema
    2. Localized Edema Causes
    3. Generalized Edema Above the Diaphragm
    4. Medication Causes of Edema
  2. Cardiovascular causes
    1. Decreased Cardiac Output
      1. Congestive Heart Failure
        1. Left Heart Failure results in pulmonary edema
        2. Right Heart Failure results in generalized edema
      2. Constrictive Pericarditis
      3. Pericarditis with effusion
    2. Venous Obstruction
      1. Inferior vein obstruction
      2. Venous obstruction due to intraluminal metastasis
      3. Thrombophlebitis
    3. Decreased venous tone
      1. Seen in sedentary patients
  3. Gastrointestinal Causes
    1. Hepatic Cirrhosis
    2. Portal vein obstruction
    3. Protein-losing enteropathy
  4. Renal Causes
    1. Renal Failure
    2. Nephrotic Syndrome
  5. Malnutrition or Hypoalbuminemia
    1. Anemia
    2. Kwashiorkor or "starvation edema"
    3. Beriberi
  6. Carbohydrate Loading or cyclic carbohydrate binging
    1. Patients who fast during week and eat on weekends
    2. Frequent travelers with altered eating habits
    3. Anorexia Nervosa
    4. Bulimia Nervosa
  7. Miscellaneous causes
    1. Tight clothing (e.g. garter belt)

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