Otolaryngology Book

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Decongestant

Aka: Decongestant, Systemic Decongestant, Pseudoephedrine, Sudafed
  1. Indications
    1. Sinusitis
    2. Upper Respiratory Infection
  2. Contraindications
    1. Hypertension
    2. Coronary Artery Disease
    3. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
  3. Adverse Effects
    1. Headache
    2. Nausea, Vomiting
    3. Loss of appetite
    4. Cardiac effects
      1. Hypertension
      2. Dysrhythmias (Tachycardia)
    5. CNS stimulation
      1. Seizures
      2. Insomnia
      3. Psychosis
      4. Agitation
    6. Other effects
      1. Cerebral hemorrhage
      2. Cerebrovascular Accident
  4. Preparations: Systemic Decongestants
    1. Pseudophedrine
      1. Available as prescription and over-the-counter in U.S.
      2. U.S. pharmacies keep this behind counter due to Methamphetamine production-related use
    2. Phenylephrine
      1. Available in U.S. OTC products at 10 mg
      2. No more effective as Placebo for congestion at this dose
      3. Hatton (2007) Ann Pharmacother 41(3):381-90
  5. Preparation: Alternative agents (Topical)
    1. Nasal Saline
    2. Limited use of Topical Decongestant (3 days only)
  6. Dosing: Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
    1. Adults: 60 mg PO q6h
    2. Child (30 mg/5ml elixir)
      1. Ages 6-12 years: 30 mg (5 ml) per dose
      2. Ages 2-5 years: 15 mg (2.5 ml) per dose

Pseudoephedrine (C0033798)

Definition (NCI) A phenethylamine and a diastereomer of ephedrine with sympathomimetic property. Pseudoephedrine displaces norepinephrine from storage vesicles in presynaptic neurones, thereby releasing norepinephrine into the neuronal synapses where it stimulates primarily alpha-adrenergic receptors. It also has weak direct agonist activity at alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors. Receptor stimulation results in vasoconstriction and decreases nasal and sinus congestion.
Definition (MSH) A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D054199
SnomedCT 372900003, 91435002
English (1S,2S)-2-methylamino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol, pseudoephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, Pseudoephedrine [Chemical/Ingredient], Pseudoephedrine (product), Pseudoephedrine (substance)
Portuguese Pseudoefedrina
Spanish Pseudoefedrina, Seudoefedrina, pseudoefedrina (sustancia), seudoefedrina (sustancia), pseudoefedrina (producto), pseudoefedrina, seudoefedrina
Finnish Pseudoefedriini
French Pseudoéphédrine
German Pseudoephedrin
Italian Pseudoefedrina
Russian ИЗОЭФЕДРИН, ПСЕВДОЭФЕДРИН, PSEVDOEFEDRIN, IZOEFEDRIN
Swedish Pseudoefedrin
Czech pseudoefedrin
Polish Pseudoefedryna, Izoefedryna
Japanese イソエフェドリン, プソイドエフェドリン, 塩酸シュードエフェドリン, プソイドエフェドリン塩酸塩, シュードエフェドリン, D-プソイドエフェドリン, 塩酸プソイドエフェドリン, スダフェド, D-塩酸プソイドエフェドリン
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Decongestants (C0282374)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D014663
SnomedCT 96328007, 417901007
English Decongestant preparation, NOS, Decongestant, NOS, decongestants (medication), decongestants, decongestant, Decongestant preparation (product), Decongestant preparation, Decongestants, Decongestant preparation (substance), Decongestant, Decongestant (substance)
Spanish descongestivo, descongestivo (sustancia), Descongestionantes, preparado descongestivo (producto), preparado descongestivo (sustancia), preparado descongestivo
French Médicaments décongestionnants, Agents décongestionnants, Décongestionnants
Portuguese Descongestionantes
German Dekongestionsmittel
Czech dekongestiva
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Sudafed (C0700727)

Definition (MSH) Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride.
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D054199
English SUDAFED, Sudafed, sudafed, sudafeds
Czech Sudafed
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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