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HypertensionAka: Htn, Essential Hypertension

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  1. See Also
    1. Hypertension in Children
    2. Hypertension in Infants
    3. Hypertension in Pregnancy
    4. Hypertension in Athletes
    5. Hypertension in the Elderly
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Demographics
      1. White Adults in US: 20% are hypertensive
      2. Black Adults in US: 30% are hypertensive
      3. Of all hypertensives, >50% are over age 65 years
    2. Outcomes
      1. Best predictor to outcome varies by age
        1. Diastolic Blood Pressure best predictor <50 years
        2. SBP and DBP predict outcomes equally ages 50-59
        3. Pulse Pressure best predictor age >60 years
      2. Coronary Artery Disease
        1. Hypertension Causes 35-45% morbidity and mortality
      3. Cerebrovascular Accident
        1. Relative Risk increases 1.84 for each 10 mmHg DBP
        2. Midlife hypertension raises longterm CVA risk
        3. Seshadri (2001) Arch Intern Med 161:2343
      4. Alzheimer's Disease
        1. Increased SBP in middle age is predisposing factor
      5. Reference
        1. (1995) Lancet 346(8991):1647
        2. Kivipelto (2001) BMJ 322:1447
  3. Hypertension Definition
    1. See Hypertension Criteria
  4. Types
    1. Essential Hypertension (Primary Hypertension)
      1. Stage 1-2 (DBP 90-104) in 80% of cases
    2. Accelerated Malignant Hypertension
      1. Recent substantial Blood Pressure increase
      2. Associated with retinal vessel damage
        1. Retinal Hemorrhages
        2. Retinal exudates
        3. Papilledema
      3. Diastolic Blood Pressure over 140
    3. Isolated Systolic Hypertension
      1. Systolic Blood Pressure: >160 mmHg
      2. Diastolic Blood Pressure: <90 mmHg
      3. Risks
        1. Coronary Artery Disease
        2. Cerebrovascular Accident
      4. Onset: 5th decade
      5. Affects 11% of those over age 75 years
      6. Results from progressive fall in vessel compliance
  5. Causes of secondary Hypertension
    1. See Hypertension Causes
  6. Diagnosis
    1. See Hypertension Criteria
  7. Hypertension Evaluation
    1. Hypertension Evaluation History
    2. Hypertension Evaluation Exam
    3. Hypertension Evaluation Labs
  8. Management
    1. See Hypertension Management

Hypertensive disease (C0020538)

Definition (MSH)Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Definition (CSP)persistantly high arterial blood pressure.
Definition (NCI)Abnormally high blood pressure.
Definition (NCI)Pathological increase in blood pressure; a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9401-405.99, 997.91
EnglishBLOOD PRESSURE HIGH, high blood pressure, High blood pressure disorder, High Blood Pressures, HTN, Hyperpiesia, Hyperpiesis, Hypertension, HYPERTENSION ARTERIAL, Hypertensive disease, Hypertensive disorder, Hypertensive vascular degeneration, Hypertensive vascular disease, Increased blood pressure, Systemic arterial hypertension, Systemic hypertension, vascular hypertension, Vascular Hypertensive Disorder
Spanishdegeneración vascular hipertensiva, degeneracion vascular hipertensiva, enfermedad hipertensiva, enfermedad vascular hipertensiva, hiperpiesia, hiperpiesis, hipertensión arterial, hipertension arterial, presión arterial alta, presion arterial alta, tensión arterial alta, tensión arterial elevada, tension arterial alta, tension arterial elevada
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Essential Hypertension (C0085580)

Definition (CSP)hypertension occurring without preexisting renal disease or known organic cause.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9401, 401.9
EnglishEHT, Essential Hypertension, Idiopathic hypertension, Primary hypertension, Systemic primary arterial hypertension, Unspecified essential hypertension
Spanishhipertensión arterial esencial, hipertensión arterial idiopática, hipertensión arterial primaria, hipertensión arterial primaria sistémica, hipertension arterial esencial, hipertension arterial idiopatica, hipertension arterial primaria, hipertension arterial primaria sistemica
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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