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AlcoholAka: Ethyl Alcohol, Ethanol, Alcohol-Related Drug Interactions, Toxic Effect of Alcohol, Alcohol Related Cardiac Effects
- Drug Interactions: Disulfiram Reaction Risk (Antabuse Reaction Risk)
- Chlorpropamide
- Antibiotics
- Metronidazole
- Tinidazole
- Cefoperazone
- Cefotetan
- Drug Interactions: Drug effect potentiated by alcohol
- Warfarin (increased INR)
- Sulfonylureas (Hypoglycemia)
- Avinza (Morphine overdose due to rapid release)
- Drug Interactions: Toxicity potentiated by alcohol
- Heavy alcohol use potentiates hepatotoxicity
- NSAIDs or Aspirin (higher risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding)
- Acetaminophen (potentiated hepatotoxicity when overdosed >4 grams/day)
- Acitretin (converts to Teratogenic metabolites that take years to fully excrete)
- Adverse Effects
- Benefits: Medical Uses
- Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
- Cardiovascular Prevention
- Excessive use has significant adverse effects
- Those who do not drink, should not start
- Alcohol's benefit is limited to low to moderate use
- Increases Cardioprotective Apolipoprotein A-1
- Decreases Atherogenic Apolipoprotein B
- Inhibits platelet aggregation
- May result in coronary artery vasodilation
- References
- (2008) Prescriber's Letter 15(1):3
alcohol use disorder (C0001956) | |
|---|---|
| Concepts | Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048) |
| English | alcohol use disorder |
| Parent Concepts | Substance Use Disorders (C0038586) |
| Sources | AOD Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Ethanol (C0001962) | |
|---|---|
| Definition (MSH) | A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. |
| Definition (CSP) | two carbon primary alcohol formed by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates or by synthesis from ethylene; it is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body; it has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant; it is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages. |
| Definition (PDQ) | A colorless organic liquid also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. Ethanol's primary physiologic effects involve the central nervous system. Depending on the dose delivered, ethanol behaves as an anxiolytic, a depressant, or a general anesthetic. Ethanol-induced immunosuppression involves dysregulation of CD4+ T cells. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=446576&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=446576&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C216" NCI Thesaurus) |
| Definition (NCI) | A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins. |
| Concepts | Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) |
| MSH | D000431 |
| English | Absolute Ethanol, ALCOHOL, ALCOHOL %, Drinking alcohol, Ethanol, Ethyl alcohol, ETOH, EtOH - Alcohol, EtOH - Ethanol, Grain Alcohol, Methylcarbinol |
| Spanish | alcohol de grano, alcohol etilico, alcohol para beber, etanol |
| Parent Concepts | Alcohols (C0001975), neutral distilled alcoholic spirit (C0678408), Hypnotics and Sedatives (C0020592), [DE101] ANTIBACTERIAL, TOPICAL (C0973519), [PH000] PHARMACEUTICAL AIDS / REAGENTS (C0973614), [TN900] THERAPEUTIC NUTRIENTS/MINERALS/ELECTROLYTES, OTHER (C0973661), Inactive Ingredient Preparations (C1375189), Alcohol products (C0358214), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Alcohol agent (C1690586) |
| Sources | AOD, CSP, LNC, MSH, MTH, MTHSPL, NCI, NDFRT, PDQ, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Toxic effect of ethyl alcohol (C0161679) | |
|---|---|
| Concepts | Injury or Poisoning (T037) |
| ICD9 | 980.0, 980.0 |
| English | Ethanol causing toxic effect, Ethyl alcohol causing toxic effect, TOXIC EFF ETHYL ALCOHOL, Toxic effect of ethanol, Toxic effect of ethyl alcohol, Toxic effect of grain alcohol |
| Spanish | alcohol etilico que causa efectos toxicos, efecto toxico del alcohol etilico, efecto toxico del etanol |
| Parent Concepts | Alcohol causing toxic effect NOS (C0161678), Drug toxicity (C0013221), Toxic effect of ethyl alcohol (C0161679), Duplicate concept (C1274013) |
| Sources | ICD9CM, MTH, MTHICD9, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |