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AlcoholAka: Ethyl Alcohol, Ethanol, Alcohol-Related Drug Interactions, Toxic Effect of Alcohol, Alcohol Related Cardiac Effects

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  1. Drug Interactions: Disulfiram Reaction Risk (Antabuse Reaction Risk)
    1. Chlorpropamide
    2. Antibiotics
      1. Metronidazole
      2. Tinidazole
      3. Cefoperazone
      4. Cefotetan
  2. Drug Interactions: Drug effect potentiated by alcohol
    1. Warfarin (increased INR)
    2. Sulfonylureas (Hypoglycemia)
    3. Avinza (Morphine overdose due to rapid release)
  3. Drug Interactions: Toxicity potentiated by alcohol
    1. Heavy alcohol use potentiates hepatotoxicity
    2. NSAIDs or Aspirin (higher risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding)
    3. Acetaminophen (potentiated hepatotoxicity when overdosed >4 grams/day)
    4. Acitretin (converts to Teratogenic metabolites that take years to fully excrete)
  4. Adverse Effects
    1. Alcohol Abuse
    2. Alcoholic Hepatitis and Cirrhosis
    3. Korsakoff's Disease
    4. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
  5. Benefits: Medical Uses
    1. Ethylene Glycol Poisoning
    2. Cardiovascular Prevention
      1. Excessive use has significant adverse effects
      2. Those who do not drink, should not start
      3. Alcohol's benefit is limited to low to moderate use
        1. Increases Cardioprotective Apolipoprotein A-1
        2. Decreases Atherogenic Apolipoprotein B
        3. Inhibits platelet aggregation
        4. May result in coronary artery vasodilation
  6. References
    1. (2008) Prescriber's Letter 15(1):3

alcohol use disorder (C0001956)

ConceptsMental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048)
Englishalcohol use disorder
Parent ConceptsSubstance Use Disorders (C0038586)
SourcesAOD
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Ethanol (C0001962)

Definition (MSH)A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Definition (CSP)two carbon primary alcohol formed by microbial fermentation of carbohydrates or by synthesis from ethylene; it is a clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body; it has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant; it is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
Definition (PDQ)A colorless organic liquid also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. Ethanol's primary physiologic effects involve the central nervous system. Depending on the dose delivered, ethanol behaves as an anxiolytic, a depressant, or a general anesthetic. Ethanol-induced immunosuppression involves dysregulation of CD4+ T cells. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=446576&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=446576&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C216" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD000431
EnglishAbsolute Ethanol, ALCOHOL, ALCOHOL %, Drinking alcohol, Ethanol, Ethyl alcohol, ETOH, EtOH - Alcohol, EtOH - Ethanol, Grain Alcohol, Methylcarbinol
Spanishalcohol de grano, alcohol etilico, alcohol para beber, etanol
Parent ConceptsAlcohols (C0001975), neutral distilled alcoholic spirit (C0678408), Hypnotics and Sedatives (C0020592), [DE101] ANTIBACTERIAL, TOPICAL (C0973519), [PH000] PHARMACEUTICAL AIDS / REAGENTS (C0973614), [TN900] THERAPEUTIC NUTRIENTS/MINERALS/ELECTROLYTES, OTHER (C0973661), Inactive Ingredient Preparations (C1375189), Alcohol products (C0358214), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Alcohol agent (C1690586)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LNC, MSH, MTH, MTHSPL, NCI, NDFRT, PDQ, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Toxic effect of ethyl alcohol (C0161679)

ConceptsInjury or Poisoning (T037)
ICD9980.0, 980.0
EnglishEthanol causing toxic effect, Ethyl alcohol causing toxic effect, TOXIC EFF ETHYL ALCOHOL, Toxic effect of ethanol, Toxic effect of ethyl alcohol, Toxic effect of grain alcohol
Spanishalcohol etilico que causa efectos toxicos, efecto toxico del alcohol etilico, efecto toxico del etanol
Parent ConceptsAlcohol causing toxic effect NOS (C0161678), Drug toxicity (C0013221), Toxic effect of ethyl alcohol (C0161679), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesICD9CM, MTH, MTHICD9, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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