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IsoniazidAka: INH

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  1. Indications
    1. Tuberculosis Prophylaxis
    2. Multi-drug Tuberculosis Treatment regimen
  2. Background
    1. Structurally similar to Pyridoxine
    2. Interferes with formation of Mycobacteria cell walls
  3. Contraindications
    1. G6PD Deficiency
    2. Severe hepatic insufficiency (reduce INH dose)
  4. Dosing
    1. Adult: 300 mg PO or IM
    2. Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg PO or IM (Max 300 mg/day)
  5. Adverse Effects: Hepatic
    1. Hepatotoxicity
      1. Subclinical Hepatitis: 10%
      2. Clinical Hepatitis: 1%
    2. Progressive liver damage
      1. Under age 20 years: rare
      2. Age 30 to 50 years: 1.5%
      3. Age over 50 years: 2.5%
  6. Adverse Effects: Neurologic
    1. Peripheral Neuropathy
      1. Prevention: Pyridoxine 10 mg/day per 100 mg of INH
    2. Insomnia
    3. Restlessness
    4. Muscle twitching
    5. Urinary Retention
    6. Seizures
    7. Psychosis
  7. Drug Interactions
    1. Phenytoin
      1. INH Increases blood level and toxicity

isoniazid (C0022209)

Definition (MSH)Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis.
Definition (CSP)antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic.
Definition (PDQ)A synthetic derivative of nicotinic acid with anti-mycobacterial properties. Although its mechanism of action is still unclear, isoniazid appears to block the synthesis of mycolic acids, major components of the mycobacterial cell wall. This agent is only active against actively growing mycobacteria because, as a pro-drug, it requires activation in susceptible mycobacterial species. Isoniazid also interferes with mycobacterial metabolism of vitamin B6. Resistance occurs due to decreased bacterial wall penetration. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39484&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39484&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C600" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)A synthetic derivative of nicotinic acid with anti-mycobacterial properties. Although its mechanism of action is still unclear, isoniazid appears to block the synthesis of mycolic acids, major components of the mycobacterial cell wall. This agent is only active against actively growing mycobacteria because, as a pro-drug, it requires activation in susceptible mycobacterial species. Isoniazid also interferes with mycobacterial metabolism of vitamin B6. Resistance occurs due to decreased bacterial wall penetration. (NCI04)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
EnglishINH, isoniazid, ISONIAZID PREPARATION, Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide, Isonicotinyl Hydrazine, Isonicotinylhydrazide
Spanishácido isonicotínco hidrazina, acido isonicotinco hidrazina, isoniacida, isoniazida, isonicotinilhidrazina
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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