Gastroenterology Book

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AntiemeticAka: Anti-emetic

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  1. See Also
    1. Nausea
    2. Nausea Causes
    3. Nausea After Surgery
    4. Nausea in Cancer
    5. Nausea in HIV
    6. Nausea in Pregnancy
    7. Antiemetic in Pregnancy
  2. Preparations: Substituted benzamides
    1. Indications
      1. Diabetic Gastroparesis
    2. Agents
      1. Metoclopramide (Reglan)
      2. Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)
    3. Adverse effects
      1. Extrapyramidal Side Effects
  3. Preparations: Phenothiazines
    1. Indications
      1. Migraine Headaches
      2. Motion Sickness or Vertigo
      3. Chemotherapy-Induced (See Nausea in Cancer)
      4. Postoperative Nausea (See Nausea After Surgery)
      5. Severe Nausea and Vomiting
    2. Agents
      1. Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
      2. Promethazine (Phenergan)
    3. Adverse effects
      1. Extrapyramidal Side Effects
  4. Preparations: Butyrophenones
    1. Agents
      1. Droperidol (Inapsine)
        1. Use limited due to Prolonged QT
      2. Haloperidol (Haldol)
    2. Indications
      1. Chemotherapy-Induced (See Nausea in Cancer)
      2. Postoperative Nausea (See Nausea After Surgery)
    3. Adverse Effects
      1. Sedation
      2. Agitation or restlessness
  5. Preparations: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist
    1. Indications
      1. Chemotherapy-Induced (See Nausea in Cancer)
      2. Severe Nausea and Vomiting
    2. Agents
      1. Ondansetron (Zofran)
      2. Granisetron (Kytril)
      3. Dolasetron (Anzemet)
      4. Palonosetron (Aloxi)
    3. Adverse effects
      1. Asthenia
      2. Dizziness
      3. Constipation
  6. Preparations: Adjunctive and atypical antiemetics
    1. Scopolamine
      1. Motion Sickness
    2. Antihistamines (Dramamine, Benadryl, Antivert)
      1. Migraine Headache
      2. Motion Sickness or Vertigo
    3. Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam, Diazepam, Clonazepam)
      1. Chemotherapy-Induced (See Nausea in Cancer)
    4. Cannabinoids (dronabinol)
      1. Chemotherapy-Induced (See Nausea in Cancer)
    5. Dexamethasone
      1. Chemotherapy-Induced (See Nausea in Cancer)
  7. Preparations: Brief list of some options for Adults
    1. Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
      1. Other Routes: 5-10 mg PO/IM/IV tid/qid
      2. Rectal: 25 mg PR g12h
    2. Metoclopramide (Reglan)
      1. Dose: 10 mg PO/IM/IV, 1 hour before meals and qhs
    3. Promethazine (Phenergan)
      1. Dose: 25-50mg PO/IM/PR q4-6h
    4. Ondansetron (Zofran)
      1. Dose: 10 mg (0.15mg/kg) IV over 15 min q4h prn

Antiemetics (C0003297)

Definition (MSH)Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on the medullary control centers (the vomiting center and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) while others affect the peripheral receptors.
Definition (CSP)drugs used to prevent nausea or vomiting; act by a wide range of mechanisms; some act on the medullary control centers while others effect the peripheral receptors.
Definition (NCI)Drugs that prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting.
Definition (NCI)Drugs used to prevent nausea or vomiting. Antiemetics act by a wide range of mechanisms. Some act on the medullary control centers (the vomiting center and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) while others affect the peripheral receptors. (MeSH)
ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD000932
EnglishAnti emetics, anti-emetic agents, Anti-emetics, Antiemetic, Antiemetic Agent, Antiemetic Agents, Antiemetic Drugs, Antiemetics
Spanishantiemetico
Parent Conceptsneuroregulator blockaders (C0682877), Gastrointestinal Agents (C0017173), Autonomic Agents (C0004382), Central Nervous System Agents (C0007680), Pharmaceutical Adjuvants (C0001552), USP Model Guidelines (C1579327)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, USPMG, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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