Drug-induced Photosensitivity

Aka: Drug-induced Photosensitivity, Photosensitizer, Medication Causes of Phototoxic Reaction, Phytodermatitis, Phytophotodermatitis

1. Background
   1. Drugs below are Photosensitizers
   2. Skin reactions secondary to Photosensitizers
      1. Hyperpigmentation
      2. Sunburn
   3. UVA exposure is associated with photosensitivity
      1. Zinc Oxide, Titanium dioxide, Mexoryl block UVA
2. Psychiatric and Neurologic Medications
   1. Tricyclic Antidepressants
      1. Desipramine
      2. Imipramine
   2. Tegretol
   3. Benzodiazepines
   4. Antipsychotic Medications
      1. Thorazine
      2. Compazine
      3. Haldol
3. Cardiovascular Medications
   1. ACE Inhibitors
   2. Calcium Channel Blockers
   3. Methyldopa
   4. Norpace
   5. Amiodarone
   6. Fibric Acid derivatives
   7. Diuretics
      1. Furosemide (Lasix)
      2. Hydrochlorothiazide
4. Oncology: Antineoplastic medications
   1. Dacarbazine
   2. Fluorouracil
   3. Methotrexate
   4. Vinblastine
5. Otolaryngology Medications: Antihistamines
   1. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
   2. Periactin
   3. Phenergan
6. Infectious Disease Medications
   1. Antibiotics
      1. Fluoroquinolones
      2. Ceftazidime
      3. Trimethoprim
      4. Sulfonamides (e.g. Bactrim)
      5. Tetracycline (and related agents)
   2. Antiparasitic Agents
      1. Thiabendazole
      2. Chloroquine
      3. Quinine
   3. Antifungal agents
      1. Griseofulvin
      2. Ketoconazole
7. Phytophotodermatitis: Food, herb, or dye exposure
   1. Oils in Perfumes, Cosmetics, Aftershaves, Lipsticks
      1. Bergamot
      2. Citron
      3. Citrus
      4. Lavender
      5. Lime and other psoralens
      6. Vanillin or Vanilla
      7. Sandalwood
      8. Cedar
      9. 6-Methylcoumarin
      10. Musk ambrette
   2. Pigments and Dyes
      1. Acriflavine
      2. Anthraquinone dye (Disperse blue 35)
      3. Eosin
      4. Neutral red
      5. Proflavine
      6. Rivanol
      7. Yellow cadmium sulfide (used in tattooing)
      8. Rose bengal
      9. Methylene blue
      10. Fluorescein
   3. Plant exposures
      1. Furocoumarins
      2. Buttercup
      3. Carrots
      4. Celery
      5. Dill
      6. Fennel
      7. Fig
      8. Lime
      9. Mustard
      10. Parsley
      11. Parsnip
      12. St. John's Wort
      13. Yarrow
      14. Psoralens
      15. Ammi majus
      16. Angelica
      17. Coriander
   4. Food additives
      1. Sulfite additives in food
8. Dermatologic and topical medications
   1. Sunscreens
      1. Benzophenones
      2. Para-aminobenzoic Acid (PABA)
      3. Digalloyl Trioleate
   2. Acne Vulgaris Medications
      1. Isotretinoin (Accutane)
      2. Retin A
      3. Benzoyl Peroxide
      4. Etretinate
   3. Alopecia Medications
      1. Minoxidil
   4. Soap Deodorants
      1. Bithionol
      2. Carbanilide
      3. Dichlorophene
      4. Hexachlorophene
9. Endocrine Medications: Oral Hypoglycemics
   1. Orinase
   2. Glipizide
   3. Glyburide
10. Rheumatologic Medications: NSAIDS
    1. Feldene
    2. Ibuprofen (Motrin)
    3. Naproxen (Naprosyn)
    4. Nabumetone (Relafen)
    5. Indomethacin (Indocin)
    6. Salicylic acids including Aspirin
11. References
    1. Litt (1997) Drug Eruption Reference Manual
    2. Gould (1995) J Am Acad Dermatol 33:551-73