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Acute GlomerulonephritisAka: Glomerulonephritis

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  1. Definition
    1. Gross Hematuria with Red Blood Cell casts
    2. Proteinuria
    3. Hypertension
    4. Renal insufficiency
  2. Causes
    1. See Glomerulonephritis Causes
    2. Nephrotic Syndrome
      1. Minimal change disease (Nil lesion, lipoid Nephrosis)
      2. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
      3. Membranous glomerulonephritis
      4. Paraproteinemia (Multiple Myeloma)
    3. Nephritis with low complement
      1. Postinfectious proliferative glomerulonephritis
        1. Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (classic)
        2. Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
        3. Osteomyelitis
      2. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
      3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
      4. Cryoglobulinemia
      5. Diabetes Mellitus
      6. Hepatitis C Virus
    4. Nephritis with normal complement
      1. IgA Nephropathy (Berger's Disease)
      2. Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis
      3. Goodpasture's Syndrome
      4. Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
      5. Renal Vasculitis
      6. Wegner's Granulomatosis
      7. Polyarteritis Nodosa
  3. Symptoms (variably present)
    1. Malaise
    2. Headache
    3. Anorexia
    4. Low grade fever
  4. Symptoms and Signs
    1. Edema
    2. Hypertension
  5. Labs: Initial (characterize condition)
    1. Urine sediment examination
      1. Proteinuria
      2. Glomerular Hematuria
        1. Pigmented or Red Blood Cell casts
        2. Dysmorphic Red Blood Cells
    2. Twenty-four hour urine collection
      1. 24 Hour Urine Protein
      2. Creatine Clearance
        1. Renal insufficiency
    3. Routine blood testing
      1. Serum chemistries (e.g. Chem8)
      2. Albumin and Liver Function Tests
      3. Total Cholesterol
    4. If over age 40 with Proteinuria >1 gram/24 hours
      1. Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP)
      2. Urine Protein electrophoresis
  6. Labs: Next (Screen for etiology)
    1. Serum Complement (C3, C4, CH50)
    2. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
    3. Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
    4. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
    5. Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody titer
    6. Hepatitis serology (HBsAg, xHBc IgM, HCV)
    7. Anti-Neutrophilic cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA)
    8. Anti-streptolysin O titer (ASO Titer)
    9. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  7. Diagnostics
    1. Renal Ultrasound
    2. Renal biopsy
  8. Management
    1. Treat specific cause

Glomerulonephritis (C0017658)

Definition (MSH)Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
Definition (CSP)glomerular disease characterized by an inflammatory reaction, with leukocyte infiltration and cellular proliferation of the glomeruli, or that appears to be the result of immune glomerular injury.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9583.9
EnglishGlomerulonephritides, Glomerulonephritis
Spanishglomerulonefritis
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Acute glomerulonephritis NOS (C0156221)

ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9580, 580.9
EnglishAcute exudative glomerulonephritis, Acute Glomerulonephritis, GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ACUTE
Spanishglomerulonefritis aguda
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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