Nephrology Book

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Hypokalemia

Aka: Hypokalemia
  1. Pathophysiology
    1. Approximate Total body potassium = 55 meq/kg
    2. Serum Potassium decreased 1 meq/dl: 350 meq K+ deficit
    3. Serum Potassium less than 2 meq/dl: 1000 meq K+ deficit
  2. Symptoms and Signs (when Serum Potassium < 2.5)
    1. General
      1. Malaise
      2. Fatigue
    2. Neurologic
      1. Weakness
      2. Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes
      3. Paresthesia
      4. Cramps
      5. Restless legs Syndrome
      6. Rhabdomyolysis
      7. Paralysis
    3. Gastrointestinal
      1. Constipation
      2. Ileus
      3. Exacerbated Hepatic Encephalopathy
    4. Cardiovascular
      1. Orthostatic Hypotension
      2. Hypertension
      3. Arrhythmias (especially with Digoxin use)
    5. Renal
      1. Metabolic Alkalosis
      2. Polyuria, Polydipsia
      3. Decreased GFR
      4. Glucose Intolerance
  3. Labs
    1. Electrocardiogram
      1. T Waves flattened
      2. Prominent U Waves
      3. ST depression
  4. Diagnosis
    1. Exclude Transcellular Potassium Shift
    2. Check 24 hour Urine Potassium and Urine Sodium
      1. Sample should have total Urine Sodium > 100 meq
    3. Interpretation
      1. Urine Potassium <20 meq/day
        1. Extrarenal Potassium Loss
      2. Urine Potassium >20 meq/day
        1. Renal Potassium Loss
  5. Management
    1. See Potassium Replacement

Hypokalemia (C0020621)

Definition (NCI) Lower than normal levels of potassium in the circulating blood.
Definition (NCI) A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of potassium in the blood.
Definition (MSH) Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Definition (CSP) abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood; may result from excessive potassium loss by the renal or gastrointestinal route, from decreased intake, or from transcellular shifts; manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities, and by renal and gastrointestinal disorders.
Concepts Finding (T033)
MSH D007008
ICD9 276.8
ICD10 E87.6
SnomedCT 190900003, 43339004, 154762003, 267508008
English Hypokalemias, Hypopotassemia, Hypopotassemias, HYPOKALAEMIA, HYPOKALEMIA, HYPOKALEMIC SYNDROME, HYPOPOTASSAEMIA, HYPOPOTASSEMIA, HYPOPOTASSEMIA SYNDROME, LOW POTASSIUM SYNDROME, SYNDROME HYPOKALEMIC, hypokalemia, hypopotassemia, hypokalemia (diagnosis), Hypokalaemia (disorder), Syndrome hypokalemic, Low potassium syndrome, Potassium [K] deficiency, Hypokalemia [Disease/Finding], potassium deficiency, deficiency k, deficiency potassium, hypopotassaemia, k deficiency, potassium depletion, hypokalemias, Syndrome hypokalaemic, Hypokalemic syndrome, Hypopotassemia syndrome, Hypokalaemia, Hypopotassaemia, Hypokalaemic syndrome, Hypokalemia (disorder), Hypopotassaemia syndrome, hypokalemic; syndrome, syndrome; hypokalemic, Hypokalemia, hypokalaemia
French HYPOKALIEMIE, Hypopotassémie, Syndrome hypocalémique, Syndrome de carence en potassium, HYPOPOTASSEMIE, SYNDROME HYPOKALIEMIQUE, Syndrome hypokaliémique, Hypokaliémie
German HYPOKALIAEMIE, Syndrom, hypokalaemisch, Kalium niedrig Syndrom, KALIUMMANGELSYNDROM, SERUMKALIUM NIEDRIG, Hypokaliaemie, Hypokaliaemie-Syndrom, Kaliummangel, Hypokaliämie
Portuguese HIPOPOTASSEMIA, Síndrome de falta de potássio, Síndrome hipocaliémica, Hipocalemia, Hipocaliemia, HIPOKALIEMIA, SINDROME HIPOCALIEMICO, Síndrome de hipocaliemia, Hipokalemia, Hipopotassemia
Spanish HIPOPOTASEMIA, Síndrome hipocaliémico, Síndrome de potasio bajo, Síndrome hipocalémico, Hypokalaemia, Hypokalemia, HIPOCALIEMIA, HIPOPOTASEMIA, SINDROME, síndrome hipopotasémico, hipokalemia, hipocalemia, síndrome hipocálemico, hipocaliemia (trastorno), hipocaliemia, hipopotasemia, Hipocaliemia, Síndrome hipopotasiémico, Hipopotasemia, Hipokalemia
Italian Ipokaliemia, Sindrome ipokaliemica, Ipopotassemia, Sindrome da ipopotassiemia, Ipopotassiemia
Dutch hypokaliëmisch syndroom, laag kalium syndroom, hypokaliëmisch; syndroom, syndroom; hypokaliëmisch, hypokalemisch syndroom, hypokaliëmie, Hypopotassemie, Hypokaliëmie, Kaliëmie, hypo-
Japanese 低カリウム症候群, 低カリウム血症候群, ﾃｲｶﾘｳﾑｹﾂｼｮｳ, ﾃｲｶﾘｳﾑｹｯｼｮｳ, ﾃｲｶﾘｳﾑｼｮｳｺｳｸﾞﾝ, ﾃｲｶﾘｳﾑｹﾂｼｮｳｺｳｸﾞﾝ, 低カリウム血症, 低K血症, 低カリウム血, 低ポタシウム血症
Swedish Hypokalemi
Czech hypokalémie, Hypokalemický syndrom, Hypokalemie
Finnish Hypokalemia
Russian GIPOKALIEMIIA, ГИПОКАЛИЕМИЯ
Korean 저칼륨혈증
Polish Hipopotasemia, Hipokaliemia
Hungarian Hypokalaemiás syndroma, Hypokalemia, Hypokaaemiás syndroma, Hypokalaemia, Hypopotassaemia, Alacsony kálium syndroma
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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