Nephrology Book

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Hyperkalemia

Aka: Hyperkalemia
  1. Causes
    1. See Hyperkalemia Causes
  2. Signs and Symptoms
    1. Symptoms occur when Serum Potassium > 6.0 to 6.5 meq/L
    2. Neurologic Changes
      1. Weakness
      2. Paresthesias
      3. Areflexia
      4. Ascending paralysis
      5. Respiratory failure
    3. Cardiovascular Changes
      1. Bradycardia to Asystole or Ventricular Fibrillation
      2. AV prolonged transmission to complete Heart Block
  3. Labs
    1. Chemistry Panel
      1. Serum Potassium
      2. Serum electrolytes including serum bicarbonate
      3. Renal Function tests (BUN, Creatinine)
    2. Spot urine for Urine Potassium and Urine Creatinine
      1. Fractional Excretion of Potassium
      2. Transtubular Potassium Gradient
  4. Diagnostics: Electrocardiogram
    1. Changes occur when Serum Potassium >6.0 meq/L
    2. Initial
      1. T Waves peaked or Tented
    3. Next
      1. ST depression
      2. First degree AV Block or loss of P Wave
      3. QRS widening
    4. Final
      1. Biphasic wave (sine wave) QRS and T fusion
      2. Imminent ventricular standstill
    5. Changes exacerbated by:
      1. Hyponatremia
      2. Hypocalcemia
      3. Metabolic Acidosis
      4. Hypermagnesemia
  5. Management
    1. See Hyperkalemia Management
  6. References
    1. Gibbs in Marx (2002) Rosen's Emerg Med, p. 1730-1
    2. Klahr (2001) in Noble (2001) Primary Care p. 1359-62

Hyperkalemia (C0020461)

Definition (NCI) Higher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating blood; associated with kidney failure or sometimes with the use of diuretic drugs.
Definition (NCI) A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate an elevation in the concentration of potassium in the blood; associated with kidney failure or sometimes with the use of diuretic drugs.
Definition (MSH) Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Definition (CSP) abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion; characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities; in severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur.
Concepts Finding (T033)
MSH D006947
ICD9 276.7
ICD10 E87.5
SnomedCT 154764002, 154761005, 14140009, 238142003
English Hyperkalemias, Hyperpotassemia, Hyperpotassemias, HYPERKALAEMIA, HYPERKALEMIA, HYPERPOTASSAEMIA, HYPERPOTASSEMIA, hyperkalemia (diagnosis), high blood potassium level, excess potassium, hyperpotassemia, potassium overload, hyperkalemia, Hyperkalaemia (disorder), Potassium [K] excess, Potassium [K] overload, Hyperkalemia [Disease/Finding], Hyperkalemia, excess k, potassium excess, excessive potassium in the blood, Hyperkalemic syndrome, K excess, K overload, Potassium excess, Hyperkalaemia, Potassium overload, Hyperpotassaemia, Hyperkalaemic syndrome, Hyperkalemia (disorder), Potassium overload (disorder), excess; potassium, hyperkalemic; syndrome, overload; potassium, potassium; excess, potassium; overload, syndrome; hyperkalemic, hyperkalaemia
French HYPERKALIEMIE, Hyperpotassémie, HYPERPOTASSEMIE, Hyperkaliémie
German HYPERKALIAEMIE, KALIUMSPIEGEL ERHOEHT, Hyperkaliaemie, Hyperpotassemia, Hyperkaliämie
Portuguese HIPERPOTASSEMIA, HIPERKALIEMIA, Hipercaliemia, Hiperkalemia, Hiperpotassemia
Spanish HIPERPOTASEMIA, Hiperkaliemia, Hyperkalaemia, Potassium overload, Hyperkalemia, Hipercaliemia, HIPERCALIEMIA, hipercalemia, síndrome hiperpotasémico, hiperkalemia, exceso de K, exceso de potasio, hipercaliemia (trastorno), hipercaliemia, hiperpotasemia, sobrecarga de potasio (trastorno), sobrecarga de potasio, Hiperpotasemia, Hiperkalemia
Italian Iperkaliemia, Iperpotassemia, Iperpotassiemia
Swedish Hyperkalemi
Japanese ｺｳｶﾘｳﾑｹｯｼｮｳ, ｺｳｶﾘｳﾑｹﾂｼｮｳ, 過ポタシウム血症, 高カリウム血症, カリウム過剰血, カリウム過剰血症, 高カリウム血, 高K血症
Czech hyperkalémie, Hypekalemie
Finnish Hyperkalemia
Russian GIPERKALIEMIIA, ГИПЕРКАЛИЕМИЯ
Korean 고칼륨혈증
Croatian HIPERKALIJEMIJA
Polish Hiperkaliemia, Hiperpotasemia
Hungarian Hyperpotassaemia, Hyperkalaemia
Dutch hyperkaliëmisch; syndroom, kalium; overbelasting, kalium; overmaat, overbelasting; kalium, overmaat; kalium, syndroom; hyperkaliëmisch, hyperkaliëmie, Hyperpotassemie, Hyperkaliëmie, Kaliëmie, hyper-
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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