Nephrology Book

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Hypocalcemia

Aka: Hypocalcemia, Low Serum Calcium
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  1. Causes: Low Serum Calcium
    1. Renal insufficiency
    2. Hypoalbuminemia
    3. Vitamin D Deficiency
    4. Hypomagnesemia
    5. Pancreatitis
    6. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
    7. Sepsis
  2. Causes: Low Ionized Calcium
    1. Low Parathyroid Hormone
      1. Hypoparathyroidism
      2. Hypomagnesemia
    2. High Parathyroid Hormone
      1. Low serum phosphate
        1. Vitamin D Deficiency
        2. Pancreatitis
        3. Anticonvulsants
        4. Bisphosphonates
        5. Blood Transfusion (related to citrate)
      2. High or normal serum phosphate
        1. Acute Renal Failure
        2. Rhabdomyolysis
        3. Tumor lysis
        4. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
          1. Associated with adequate PTH levels, but a PTH receptor defect
          2. Associated with a shortened fourth digits on the hands and feet
  3. Symptoms
    1. Vomiting
    2. Diarrhea
    3. Nervousness
    4. Weakness
    5. Paresthesias
    6. Muscle stiffness and muscle cramps
    7. Headaches
    8. Dysphagia
    9. Abdominal Pain
  4. Signs
    1. Tetany
      1. Carpopedal Spasm (Trousseau's Sign)
      2. Chvostek's Sign
    2. Hair Loss
    3. Cataracts
    4. Papilledema
  5. Labs
    1. Total Serum Calcium low
    2. Ionized Calcium low
    3. Corrected Serum Calcium low
    4. Serum phophate high
    5. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
  6. Evaluation
    1. Use Corrected Serum Calcium (adjusts for Serum Albumin)
    2. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Low
      1. Hypoparathyroidism
    3. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) High
      1. Pancreatitis
      2. Hyperphosphatemia
      3. Hypovitaminosis D
      4. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
      5. Medications
        1. Gentamycin
        2. cis-platinum
        3. Ethylene Glycol
        4. Colchicine
        5. EDTA
        6. Protamine
        7. Mithramycin
        8. Dilantin
        9. Phenobarbital
        10. Transfusion with citrated blood
  7. Management
    1. See Calcium Replacement

Hypocalcemia (C0020598)

Definition (NCI) Lower than normal levels of calcium in the circulating blood.
Definition (NCI) A disorder characterized by laboratory test results that indicate a low concentration of calcium in the blood.
Definition (MSH) Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Definition (CSP) reduction of the blood calcium below normal; manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm.
Concepts Pathologic Function (T046)
MSH D006996
ICD9 275.41
ICD10 E83.51
SnomedCT 5291005, 154752005, 267505006
English Hypocalcemias, CALCIUM BLOOD DECREASED, HYPOCALCAEMIA, HYPOCALCEMIA, hypocalcemia, hypocalcemia (diagnosis), Hypocalcemia, Blood calcium decreased, Calcium blood decreased, Hypocalcemia [Disease/Finding], abnormally low blood calcium levels, Calcium deficiency disease, Hypocalcemia syndrome, Hypocalcaemia, Hypocalcaemia syndrome, Hypocalcemia (disorder), hypocalcaemia
French HYPOCALCEMIE, Calcium sanguin diminué, DIMINUTION DE LA CALCEMIE, Calcémie diminuée, Hypocalcémie
Portuguese HIPOCALCEMIA, Cálcio no sangue diminuído, DIMINUICAO DA CALCEMIA, Calcemia diminuída, Hipocalcemia
Spanish HIPOCALCEMIA, Calcio disminuido en sangre, Hypocalcaemia, Hypocalcemia, CALCEMIA DISMINUIDAD, enfermedad por deficiencia de calcio, hipocalcemia (trastorno), hipocalcemia, síndrome de hipocalcemia, síndrome hipocalcémico, Calcio en sangre disminuido, Hipocalcemia
German HYPOKALZAEMIE, KALZIUMBLUTSPIEGEL VERMINDERT, Hypokalzaemie, Kalzium im Blut erniedrigt, Hypocalcaemia, Hypokalzämie
Dutch calcium bloed verlaagd, bloed calcium verlaagd, hypocalciëmie, Calciëmie, hypo-, Hypocalciëmie
Japanese 低カルシウム血症, 血中カルシウム減少, ﾃｲｶﾙｼｳﾑｹﾂｼｮｳ, ｹｯﾁｭｳｶﾙｼｳﾑｹﾞﾝｼｮｳ, ﾃｲｶﾙｼｳﾑｹｯｼｮｳ
Swedish Hypokalcemi
Czech hypokalcémie, Kalcium v krvi snížené, Snížený vápník v krvi, Hypokalcemie
Finnish Hypokalsemia
Russian GIPOKAL'TSIEMIIA, ГИПОКАЛЬЦИЕМИЯ
Italian Calcio ematico diminuito, Ipocalcemia
Polish Hipokalcemia
Hungarian Kalcium vérszint csökkent, Hypocalcaemia
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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