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HypocalcemiaAka: Low Serum Calcium

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  1. Causes: Low Serum Calcium
    1. Renal insufficiency
    2. Hypoalbuminemia
    3. Vitamin D Deficiency
    4. Hypomagnesemia
    5. Pancreatitis
    6. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
    7. Sepsis
  2. Causes: Low Ionized Calcium
    1. Low Parathyroid Hormone
      1. Hypoparathyroidism
      2. Hypomagnesemia
    2. High Parathyroid Hormone
      1. Low serum phosphate
        1. Vitamin D Deficiency
        2. Pancreatitis
        3. Anticonvulsants
        4. Bisphosphonates
        5. Blood transfusion (related to citrate)
      2. High or normal serum phosphate
        1. Acute Renal Failure
        2. Rhabdomyolysis
        3. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
        4. Tumor lysis
  3. Symptoms
    1. Vomiting
    2. Diarrhea
    3. Nervousness
    4. Weakness
    5. Paresthesias
    6. Muscle stiffness and muscle cramps
    7. Headaches
    8. Dysphagia
    9. Abdominal Pain
  4. Signs
    1. Tetany
      1. Carpopedal Spasm (Trousseau's Sign)
      2. Chvostek's Sign
    2. Hair Loss
    3. Cataracts
    4. Papilledema
  5. Labs
    1. Total Serum Calcium low
    2. Ionized Calcium low
    3. Corrected Serum Calcium low
    4. Serum phophate high
    5. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
  6. Evaluation
    1. Use Corrected Serum Calcium (adjusts for Serum Albumin)
    2. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Low
      1. Hypoparathyroidism
    3. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) High
      1. Pancreatitis
      2. Hyperphosphatemia
      3. Hypovitaminosis D
      4. Pseudohypoparathyroidism
      5. Medications
        1. Gentamycin
        2. cis-platinum
        3. Ethylene Glycol
        4. Colchicine
        5. EDTA
        6. Protamine
        7. Mithramycin
        8. Dilantin
        9. Phenobarbital
        10. Transfusion with citrated blood
  7. Management
    1. See Calcium Replacement

Hypocalcemia result (C0020598)

Definition (MSH)Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Definition (CSP)reduction of the blood calcium below normal; manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm.
Definition (NCI)Hypocalcemia; lower than normal levels of calcium in the circulating blood.
ConceptsFinding (T033)
ICD9275.41
EnglishCALCIUM BLOOD DECREASED, Calcium deficiency disease, HYPOCALCAEMIA, Hypocalcaemia syndrome, Hypocalcemia, Hypocalcemia result, Hypocalcemia syndrome, Hypocalcemias
Spanishenfermedad por deficiencia de calcio, hipocalcemia, síndrome de hipocalcemia, síndrome hipocalcémico, sindrome de hipocalcemia, sindrome hipocalcemico
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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