http://www.fpnotebook.com/
Aortic Dissection
- Epidemiology
- Most common in males 40-70 years old
- Incidence: 2000 per year in US
- Pathophysiology
- Intimal tear precedes dissection
- Symptoms
- Chest Pain (Universal)
- Severe tearing sensation
- Aortic dissection pain radiates to back or abdomen
- Myocardial Infarction rarely radiates like this
- Aortic dissection pain is most severe at onset
- Myocardial Infarction pain is crescendo in nature
- Neurovascular symptoms
- Chest Pain (Universal)
- Signs
- Hypertension (60%)
- Dissection of hematoma
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Diagnosis
- Electrocardiogram
- Chest XRay
- Mediastinal widening (progressive)
- Imaging
- Aortic Angiography (gold standard)
- Accuracy
- Sensitivity: 90-98%
- Specificity: 95-98%
- Accuracy
- CT Chest
- Sensitivity: 94%
- Specificity: 90%
- Transesophageal Echocardiogram (Increasingly popular)
- Sensitivity: 97%
- Specificity: 75-90%
- MRI Chest
- Sensitivity: 98%
- Specificity: 98%
- Aortic Angiography (gold standard)
- Complications
- Neurologic deficits
- Unequal perfusion
- Unequal pulses
- Unequal extremity Blood Pressures
- Myocardial Ischemia
- Myocardial Infarction
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Management
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Nitroprusside 0.5-10 ug/kg/min IV
- Labetalol 20-40 mg incremental boluses IV
- Trimethaphan 1-4 mg/min IV
- Proximal Aortic Dissection
- Surgical Management
- Distal Aortic Dissection
- Medical Management
- Lower Blood Pressure
Dissection of aorta (C0340643) | |
|---|---|
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) , Anatomical Abnormality (T190) |
| English | AORTIC DISSECTION, Dissection of aorta |
| Spanish | diseccion aortica |
| Parent Concepts | Arteriopathic disease (C0852949), Aneurysm, Dissecting (C0002949), Aortic Aneurysm (C0003486) |
| Sources | DXP, NCI, OMIM, QMR, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |