Cardiovascular Medicine Book

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Aortic Coarctation

Aka: Aortic Coarctation, Coarctation of the Aorta
  1. See also
    1. Congenital Heart Disease
    2. Congenital Heart Disease Causes
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: 6% of Congenital Heart Disease
    2. More common in Males by a ratio of 1.7 to 1
  3. Associated Conditions
    1. Turner's Syndrome
    2. Bicuspid aortic valves (50%)
    3. Aortic Coarctation Syndrome
      1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
      2. Tubular hypoplasia the aortic isthmus
      3. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
      4. Congestive Heart Failure
  4. Pathophysiology
    1. Constriction of aorta near isthmus
      1. Ductus arteriosus insertion
      2. Occurs below origin of left subclavian
  5. Etiology
    1. Congenital malformation
    2. Atherosclerosis
    3. Thrombosis
    4. Aortic aneurysm
    5. External compression
  6. Symptoms (May be asymptomatic)
    1. Epistaxis
    2. Intermittent Claudication
    3. Dizziness
    4. Headaches
    5. Tinnitus
  7. Signs
    1. Arterial Hypertension
    2. Diminished femoral pulses
    3. Femoral pulses lag brachial pulses
    4. Palpable pulsating arteries about Scapula and axilla
  8. Radiology: Chest XRay
    1. Older Children
      1. Notching of the lower rib borders
      2. Displaced esophageal shadow rightward
    2. Infants with Congestive Heart Failure signs
      1. Cardiomegaly
      2. Pulmonary venous congestion
  9. Radiology: Echocardiogram
    1. Dilated Right Ventricle
    2. Hypoplastic Left Ventricle (Infants)
    3. Coarctation site
  10. Diagnostics: Electrocardiogram
    1. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (Infants)
    2. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (older child and adults)
  11. Management
    1. Infant with Congestive Heart Failure
      1. PGE1 to open ductus arteriosus (Neonates)
      2. Surgical Repair
  12. Management: Surgical Repair
    1. Indications
      1. Routine repair between ages 2 and 4
      2. Urgent repair
        1. Circulatory shock
        2. Cardiomegaly
        3. Severe Hypertension
        4. Severe Congestive Heart Failure
    2. Techniques
      1. Subclavian flap repair
      2. End to end anastomosis with resection
      3. Balloon Angioplasty (for recoarctation)
  13. References
    1. Saenz (1999) Am Fam Physician 59(7):1857-66
    2. Cyran (1998) PREP review lecture, October, Phoenix
    3. Merenstein (1994) Pediatrics, Lange

Aortic coarctation (C0003492)

Definition (NCI) Congenital narrowing of a segment of the aorta. Signs and symptoms include hypertension, muscle weakness, shortness of breath, headaches and leg cramps.
Definition (CSP) congenital constriction of the aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery; causes upper body hypertension but few other symptoms; may present as headache or dyspnea on exertion.
Definition (MSH) A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.
Concepts Congenital Abnormality (T019)
MSH D001017
ICD9 747.10, 747.1
ICD10 Q25.1
SnomedCT 156929001, 204419005, 7305005
English Aortic Coarctation, Aortic Coarctations, Coarctation, Aortic, Coarctations, Aortic, COARCTATION OF THE AORTA, aorta coarctation, AORTA, COARCTATION, AORTIC COARCTATION, Coarctation of aorta NOS, COARCTATION OF AORTA, coarctation of aorta, coarctation of aorta (diagnosis), aortic coarctation, Aortic coarctation (disorder), Coarctation of the aorta, AORTA COARCTATION, Coarctation of aorta NOS (disorder), Aortic Coarctation [Disease/Finding], Coarctation;aorta, coarctation aortic, coarctation, aorta coarctation of, coarctation aorta, Coarctation of aorta, Coarctation, Coarctation of aorta (disorder), Aortic coarctation, Coarctation of aorta (preductal) (postductal), coarctation of the aorta
Spanish COARTACION AORTICA, Coartación de aorta (preductal) (postductal), Coartación de aorta, Coartación aórtica, Aortic coarctation, coartación aórtica, coartación de aorta (trastorno), coartación de aorta, SAI (trastorno), coartación de aorta, SAI, coartación de aorta, Coartación de la aorta, Coartación Aórtica, Coartacion Aortica
German AORTENISTHMUSSTENOSE, Isthmusstenose der Aorta, Isthmusstenose der Aorta (praeduktal) (postduktal), Koarktation der Aorta, Aortenisthmusstenose, Aortenkoarktation, Coarctatio aortae
Dutch aortacoarctatie, aortastrictuur (voor en achter ductus arteriosus), coarctatie van aorta, Coarctatio aortae
French Coarctation de l'aorte (précanalaire) (postcanalaire), COARCTATION DE L'AORTE, Coarctation aortique, Coarctation de l'aorte
Italian Coartazione aortica (preduttale) (postduttale), Coartazione aortica, Coartazione dell'aorta, Restringimento aortico
Portuguese Coarctação da aorta (pré-canalicular) (pós-canalicular), COARTACAO DA AORTA, Coarctação da aorta, Coartação Aórtica
Japanese 大動脈縮窄, ダイドウミャクシュクサク
Swedish Aortaförträngning
Czech aorta - koarktace, Aortální koarktace, Koarktace aorty (preduktální) (postduktální), Koarktace aorty
Finnish Aortan koarktaatio
Russian AORTY KOARKTATSIIA, АОРТЫ КОАРКТАЦИЯ
Korean 대동맥 축착
Polish Zwężenie aorty wrodzone
Hungarian Aorta coarctatio, Aorta coarctatiója (preductalis) (postductalis), Coarctatio aortae, Aorta coarctatiója
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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