Cardiovascular Medicine Book

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Palpitation Causes

Aka: Palpitation Causes
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  1. See Also
    1. Palpitation
    2. Prolonged QT Interval due to Medication
  2. Causes: By Characteristics and Timing
    1. Isolated single beats improved with Exercise
      1. Premature Atrial Contractions
      2. Premature Ventricular Contractions
    2. Slow Heart Rate with Palpitations
      1. Atrioventricular Block
      2. Sinus node disease (e.g. Sick Sinus Syndrome)
    3. Rapid beats with sudden onset (Tachyarrhythmias)
      1. Sinus Tachycardia
      2. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
      3. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation or Atrial Flutter
      4. Ventricular Tachycardia
    4. Intermittent episodes with gradual onset
      1. Caffeine (tea, coffee, soda, chocolate)
      2. Stimulants
        1. Cocaine
        2. Ephedra
      3. Other medications
        1. Theophylline
        2. Beta Agonists
        3. Digitalis
      4. Carbon Monoxide toxicity
      5. Tobacco products
      6. Panic Attack
      7. Pheochromocytoma (rare)
      8. Mitral Valve Prolapse
    5. Persistant Palpitations at rest
      1. Anemia (worse with Exercise)
      2. Hyperthyroidism
      3. Hypertension
      4. Beriberi
      5. Fever
      6. Dehydration
      7. Anxiety Disorder
      8. Cardiomyopathy
      9. Pericarditis
      10. Valvular abnormality
        1. Aortic Regurgitation
        2. Mitral Regurgitation
        3. Large Ventricular Septal Defect
  3. Causes: Cardiac
    1. Arrhythmia
      1. Extrasystoles
        1. Atrial premature contractions
        2. Ventricular premature contractions
      2. Supraventricular Tachycardia
        1. Atrial Fibrillation
        2. Atrial Flutter
        3. Atrial Tachycardia
        4. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry arrhythmia
        5. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
      3. Ventricular Tachycardia
      4. Miscellaneous
        1. Autonomic Dysfunction
        2. Sick Sinus Syndrome
    2. Structural heart disease
      1. Atrial myxoma
      2. Cardiomyopathy
      3. Long QT syndrome (Ventricular Tachycardia risk)
      4. Mitral Valve Prolapse
  4. Causes: Non-Cardiac
    1. Mood Disorders
      1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
      2. Panic Disorder
      3. Emotional stress
    2. Medications
      1. Prolonged QT Interval due to Medication
      2. Alcohol
      3. Beta Blocker withdrawal
      4. Nicotine
      5. Caffeine
      6. Cocaine
    3. Miscellaneous
      1. Anemia
      2. Hypoglycemia
      3. Hypovolemia
      4. Mastocytosis
      5. Paget's Disease
      6. Pheochromocytoma
      7. Pregnancy
      8. Thyroid disorders
  5. References
    1. Wexler (2011) Am fam Physician 84(1): 63-9

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