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Anabolic Steroid

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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Banned by most athletic organizations
    2. Black market sales: $2 Million per year in U.S.
    3. Prevalence of anabolic steroid use
      1. Buckley (1988) 6.6% High School (38% before age 15)
      2. Tennant (1986): 75% of NFL lineman
      3. Rumor (1996) 95% of NFL Lineman
  2. Medical Indications
    1. Anemia
    2. Burn victims
    3. Growth Hormone Replacement
  3. Efficacy
    1. Athletes dose 10 to 40 times higher than medical dose
    2. Effective in strength gain
      1. Rapid strength and anaerobic power gain
      2. Rapid gain in lean muscle mass and weight
      3. Maintenance of competitive edge
      4. Benefit only with Resistance Training program
  4. Adverse Effects: General
    1. Tendon ruptures from dysplastic collagen changes
    2. Adolescents
      1. Early closing of bone growth plates
      2. Decreased adult height
    3. Cardiovascular changes
      1. Hypertension
      2. Acute Cardiovascular events (platelet aggregation)
        1. Stroke
        2. Myocardial Infarction
      3. Hypercholesterolemia with marked HDL drop (<10)
    4. Liver disease
      1. Increased liver Aminotransferases
      2. Hepatic failure
      3. Peliosis (rare hemorrhagic liver cysts)
      4. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
      5. Hepatic Adenoma
      6. Hepatic cholangiocarcinoma
    5. Psychiatric: Steroid Psychosis ('Steroid Rage')
      1. Aggressiveness
      2. Irritability
      3. Impulsiveness
      4. Impaired judgment
      5. Mania and paranoid delusions
      6. Addiction potential and withdrawal potential
  5. Adverse Effects: Sexual Effects
    1. Libido changes
    2. Severe cystic acne
    3. Specific changes in men (may be irreversible)
      1. Decreased sperm production
      2. Testicular atrophy
      3. Scrotal Pain
      4. Gynecomastia (potentially irreversible)
      5. Prostate Cancer increased risk
    4. Specific changes in women
      1. Voice deepening (irreversible)
      2. Hirsutism (potentially irreversible)
      3. Acne Vulgaris
      4. Clitoral hypertrophy (potentially irreversible)
      5. Amenorrhea
      6. Male-pattern baldness
      7. Coarsening of skin (potentially irreversible)
  6. References
    1. Bhasin (1996) N Engl J Med 335:1
    2. Haupt (1984) Am J Sports Med 12:69

Anabolic steroids (C0002744)

Definition (NCI)Synthetic derivatives of the male hormone, androgen, that promote tissue growth by increasing the metabolic processes involved with protein synthesis and are used to promote weight gain in wasting diseases. They are used by bodybuilders and athletes to increase muscle mass, strength, and stamina.
ConceptsSteroid (T110) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
Englishanabolic steroid, Anabolic steroid preparation, Anabolic steroids
Spanishanabolizante hormonal, andrógeno anabolizante, androgeno anabolizante, esteroide anabólico, esteroide anabolico, esteroide anaboliznte, preparado con esteroide anabólico, preparado con esteroide anabolico, preparado de esteroide anabólico, preparado de esteroide anabolico, preparado de esteroide anabolizante
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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