Cardiovascular Medicine Book

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Ventricular Septal Defect

Aka: Ventricular Septal Defect, VSD
  1. See also
    1. Congenital Heart Disease
    2. Congenital Heart Disease Causes
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: 15-25% of Congenital Heart Disease
      1. Most common Congenital Heart Disease cause
      2. Most common CHD found in chromosomal abnormalities
    2. More common in males
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Defect in interventricular septal wall
      1. Most often located in membranous ventricular septum
  4. Signs and symptoms
    1. Severity of symptoms related to:
      1. Defect size
      2. Pulmonary vascular resistance
      3. Associated cardiac lesions
    2. Small to moderate VSD
      1. Normal P2 component of the Second Heart Sound
      2. Pansystolic harsh murmur
        1. Grade II-VI of VI
        2. Located at lower left sternal border
    3. Large VSD with significant shunt
      1. Includes moderate VSD findings
      2. Mid-diastolic flow rumble at apex
      3. Congestive Heart Failure signs and symptoms
    4. Marked Pulmonary Hypertension
      1. Right Ventricular lift
      2. Loud P2 component of the Second Heart Sound
      3. Short systolic ejection murmur at left sternal border
  5. Radiology (large defect findings)
    1. Chest XRay
      1. Cardiomegaly
      2. Increased pulmonary vasculature
    2. Echocardiogram
      1. Defines position and size of defect
  6. Management: Medical
    1. Small Ventricular Septal Defect
      1. No surgical repair indicated
      2. SBE Prophylaxis
    2. Congestive Heart Failure
      1. Diuretics
      2. Digoxin
  7. Management: Surgical repair indications
    1. Growth failure refractory to medical therapy
    2. Pulmonary Hypertension
    3. Pulmonary to systemic flow ratio > 2:1
  8. Course
    1. Spontaneous closure age <6 months: 30-40% related to:
      1. Membranous and muscular defects
      2. Smaller defects
  9. Complications: Without repair
    1. Congestive Heart Failure
    2. Eisenmenger's Complex
  10. Complications: With repair
    1. Conduction defect: transient Right Bundle Branch Block
  11. References
    1. Saenz (1999) Am Fam Physician 59(7):1857-66
    2. Cyran (1998) PREP review lecture, October, Phoenix
    3. Merenstein (1994) Pediatrics, Lange

Ventricular Septal Defects (C0018818)

Definition (NCI) A congenital disorder characterized by the presence of a defect (opening) in the septum that separates the two ventricles of the heart. It causes oxygenated blood to flow from the left to the right ventricle and to the pulmonary circulation. If untreated, it may result in pulmonary hypertension.
Definition (MSH) Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.
Concepts Congenital Abnormality (T019)
MSH D006345
ICD9 745.4
ICD10 Q21.0
SnomedCT 204314001, 204309000, 253549006, 30288003, 156914003, 270547008, 204310005
English Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular, Defect, Ventricular Septal, Septal Defect, Ventricular, Septal Defects, Ventricular, VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT, DEFECT INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM, SEPTUM INTERVENTRICULAR PATENT, VSD - Ventricular sept defect, Ventricular septal defect NOS, Ventricular septal defect unsp, Ventricular septal defect, unspecified, Ventricular septal defects, Defect, Intraventricular Septal, Defects, Intraventricular Septal, Septal Defect, Intraventricular, Intraventricular Septal Defects, Septal Defects, Intraventricular, Ventricular Septal Defect, Intraventricular Septal Defect, Ventricular septal defect (VSD), ventricular septal defect, ventricular septal defect (diagnosis), VSD (ventricular septal defect), VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT CONGENITAL, Ventricular sept defect, Ventricular septal defect NOS (disorder), Ventricular septal defect, unspecified (disorder), Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular [Disease/Finding], Defect;ventricular septal, ventricular septal defects, Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), vsd, interventricular septal defect, Ventricular septal abnormality (disorder), Ventricular septal abnormality, Ventricular septal defect, Interventricular septal defect, VSD - Ventricular septal defect, Ventricular septal defect (disorder), closure; incomplete, septum, interventricular, closure; incomplete, septum, ventricular, defect; interventricular septal, defect; septum, ventricular, defect; ventricular septal, heart; anomaly, septum, ventricular, incomplete; closure, septum, interventricular, incomplete; closure, septum, ventricular, interventricular septal; defect, septum; defect, ventricular, anomaly; heart, septum, ventricular, ventricular; septal defect, Septal def.-ventricular, Ventricular septal def., Ventricular Septal Defects, Interventricular septal defect (disorder), VSD, Congenital ventricular septal defect, Defect interventricular septum, Septum interventricular patent
French COMMUNICATION INTERVENTRICULAIRE, Cloison iinterventriculaire perméable, Communication interventriculaire SAI, CV, Anomalie congénitale du septum interventriculaire, CIV (Communication InterVentriculaire), Communication interventriculaire, Anomalies du septum interventriculaire, Communications inter-ventriculaires, Communications interventriculaires
Dutch ventriculair septumdefect, opening in het interventriculaire tussenschot, ventrikelklepdefect, congenitaal, ventriculair septumdefect NAO, VSD, open interventriculair septum, anomalie; hart, septum, ventriculair, defect; interventriculair septum, defect; septum, ventriculair, defect; ventrikelseptum, hart; anomalie, septum, ventriculair, interventriculair septum; defect, onvolledig; sluiting, septum, interventriculare, onvolledig; sluiting, septum, ventriculair, septum; defect, ventriculair, sluiting; onvolledig, septum, interventriculare, sluiting; onvolledig, septum, ventriculair, ventrikel; septumdefect, Defect, ventrikelseptum-, Defecten, ventrikelseptum-, Hartseptumdefect, ventriculair, Ventriculair hartseptumdefect, Ventrikelseptumdefect, Ventrikelseptumdefecten, septumdefect, ventrikel-, septumdefecten, ventrikel-
Italian Difetto del setto interventricolare, Difetto congenito del setto interventricolare, Setto interventricolare pervio, Difetto del setto intraventricolare, Difetto del setto interventricolare NAS, Difetti del setto interventricolare, Difetto del setto ventricolare, Difetti del setto ventricolare, Difetti del setto cardiaco ventricolare
Portuguese Defeito do septo interventricular, Defeito do septo ventricular, Defeito congénito do septo interventricular, Defeito do septo interventricular NE, Malformação do Septo Interventricular, Malformações do Septo Interventricular, Malformações Congênitas do Septo Interventricular, COMUNICACAO INTER-VENTRICULAR, Comunicação Interventricular, Defeitos do Septo Interventricular, Defeitos do Septo Ventricular
Spanish Defecto del tabique interventricular, Defecto congénito del tabique ventricular, Tabique interventricular persistente, Defecto septal ventricular NEOM, Septal def.-ventricular, Ventricular septal defect, Ventricular septal def., Ventricular septal abnormality, Defectos del Septum Interventricular, Defectos del Tabique Interventricular, Malformaciones Congénitas del Tabique Interventricular, Malformación del Tabique Interventricular, Malformacion del Tabique Interventricular, Defectos del Tabique Ventricular, Malformaciones Congenitas del Tabique Interventricular, Defectos del Septo Intraventricular, Malformaciones del Tabique Interventricular, Defectos Septales Ventriculares, SEPTO VENTRICULAR, DEFECTO, defecto del tabique interventricular, defecto del tabique interventricular (trastorno), defecto septal interventricular (trastorno), defecto septal interventricular, CIV, defecto del tabique ventricular, SAI (trastorno), defecto del tabique ventricular, SAI, defecto del tabique ventricular, no especificado (trastorno), defecto del tabique ventricular, no especificado, defecto del tabique ventricular
German Septum interventrikulaer offen, kongenitaler Ventrikelseptumdefekt, interventrikulaerer Septumdefekt, Ventrikelseptumdefekt NNB, VSD, VENTRIKELSEPTUMDEFEKT, Herzkammerseptumdefekte, Kammerseptumdefekte, Ventrikelseptumdefekte, Septumdefekte, Ventrikel-, Herzseptumdefekte, ventrikuläre, Ventrikelseptumdefekt
Japanese 心室中隔欠損症ＮＯＳ, 先天性心室中隔欠損症, 心室中隔開存症, ｾﾝﾃﾝｾｲｼﾝｼﾂﾁｭｳｶｸｹｯｿﾝｼｮｳ, ｼﾝｼﾂﾁｭｳｶｸｹｯｿﾝｼｮｳ, ｼﾝｼﾂﾁｭｳｶｸｶｲｿﾞﾝｼｮｳ, ｼﾝｼﾂﾁｭｳｶｸｹｯｿﾝｼｮｳNOS, VSD, ＶＳＤ, 心室中隔欠損, 中隔欠損-心室, 心室中隔欠損症
Swedish Ventrikelseptumdefekter
Finnish Kammioväliseinän aukot
Russian MEZHZHELUDOCHKOVOI PEREGORODKI DEFEKTY, МЕЖЖЕЛУДОЧКОВОЙ ПЕРЕГОРОДКИ ДЕФЕКТЫ
Czech Defekt komorového septa, VSD, Otevřené mezikomorové septum, Defekt komorového septa NOS, Vrozený defekt komorového septa, Defekt mezikomorového septa, defekty septa komor, srdce - defekty komorového septa, srdce - defekty septa komor, defekty komorového septa
Korean 심실 중격 결손증
Croatian SRCE, DEFEKTI VENTRIKULARNOG SEPTUMA
Polish Ubytek przegrody międzykomorowej, VSD
Hungarian Ventricularis septum defectus k.m.n., Veleszületett kamrai septum defectus, Ventricularis septum defectus, Interventricularis septum-defectus, Septum interventricularis nyitott
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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