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  • Hypersensitivity Reaction

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Hypersensitivity ReactionAka: Gell and Coombs Classification, Type 3 Hypersensitivity, Immune Complex Reaction, Type 4 Hypersensitivity, Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, Type 5 Hypersensitivity, Stimulatory Hypersensitivity, Coombs and Gell Classification, Type 1 Hypersensitivity, Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction, Type 2 Hypersensitivity, Cytotoxic Antibody Reaction

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  1. Definition
    1. Categories of Hypersensitivity Response
  2. Type 1: Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction
    1. Mediated by IgE Antibody to specific antigens
      1. Mast cells stimulated and release histamine
    2. Reaction within one hour of exposure
    3. Examples
      1. Anaphylaxis (e.g. Penicillin)
      2. Urticaria
      3. Angioedema
      4. Atopic Allergy
  3. Type 2: Cytotoxic Antibody Reaction
    1. Mediated by IgG and IgM to specific antigens
    2. Examples
      1. Transfusion Reaction
      2. Rhesus Incompatibility (Rh Incompatibility)
      3. Mycoplasma pneumoniae related cold agglutinins
      4. Hashimoto' Thyroiditis
      5. Goodpasture's Syndrome
      6. Delayed transplant graft rejection
  4. Type 3: Immune Complex Reaction
    1. Antigen-Antibody complexes deposit in tissue
    2. Reaction within 1-3 weeks after exposure
    3. Examples
      1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
      2. Erythema Nodosum
      3. Polyarteritis nodosa
      4. Arthus Reaction (e.g. Farmer's Lung)
      5. Rheumatoid Arthritis
      6. Elephantiasis (Wuchereria bancrofti reaction)
      7. Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
      8. Serum Sickness
  5. Type 4: Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
    1. Mediated by T-Lymphocytes to specific antigens
      1. Involves major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
      2. Reaction within 2-7 days after exposure
    2. Examples
      1. Mantoux Test (PPD)
      2. Allergic Contact Dermatitis (e.g. Nickel allergy)
  6. Other allergy mediated reactions
    1. Stimulatory Hypersensitivity
      1. Humoral Antibody activates receptor sites
      2. Example: Thyrotoxicosis (TSH autoantibodies)
    2. Fas/Fas Ligand-induced apoptosis
      1. Example: Stevens Johnson Syndrome
    3. T-Cell activation
      1. Example: Sulfonamide induced Morbilliform rash
  7. References
    1. Roitt (1988) Essential Immunology, Blackwell,p. 193-214
    2. Riedl (2003) Am Fam Physician 68:1781

Hypersensitivity (C0020517)

Definition (MSH)Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.
Definition (CSP)state of previously immunized body in which tissue damage results from the immune response to a further dose of antigen.
Definition (HL7V3.0)<p>Hypersensitivity to an agent caused by an immunologic response to an initial exposure</p>
Definition (NCI)Hypersensitivity; a local or general reaction of an organism following contact with a specific allergen to which it has been previously exposed and to which it has become sensitized.
Definition (NCI)An exaggerated response by the immune system to a drug or other substance.
Definition (GO)An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. [GOC:jal, ISBN:0781735149 "Fundamental Immunology"]
Definition (NCI)Hypersensitivity; a local or general reaction of an organism following contact with a specific allergen to which it has been previously exposed and to which it has become sensitized.
ConceptsPathologic Function (T046)
ICD9995.3
EnglishAllergic disorder, Allergic reaction, Allergic state, ALLERGIC/HYPERSENSITIVITY, Allergies, Allergy, Allergy disorder, Atopic AND/OR hypersensitivity state, Disorder due to allergic reaction, Disorder due to immune hypersensitivity reaction, Hypersensitivities, Hypersensitivity, Hypersensitivity reaction, HYSN, Immune hypersensitivity disorder, Immune hypersensitivity reaction
Spanishalergia, estado alérgico, estado alergico, estado atópico Y/O de hipersensibilidad, estado atopico Y/O de hipersensibilidad, hipersensibilidad, reacción de hipersensibilidad, reacción por hipersensibilidad inmunológica, reaccion de hipersensibilidad, reaccion por hipersensibilidad inmunologica, trastorno alérgico, trastorno alergico, trastorno causado por reacción alérgica, trastorno causado por reaccion alergica, trastorno de hpersensibilidad inmunológica, trastorno de hpersensibilidad inmunologica, trastorno debido a reacción alérgica, trastorno debido a reaccion alergica, trastorno inmunológico por hipersensibilidad, trastorno inmunologico por hipersensibilidad, trastorno por reacción alérgica, trastorno por reacción inmunológica por hipersensibilidad, trastorno por reaccion alergica, trastorno por reaccion inmunologica por hipersensibilidad
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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