II. Causes

  1. Typical acute Viral Hepatitis causes
    1. Hepatitis A
    2. Hepatitis B
    3. Hepatitis C
    4. Hepatitis D
    5. Hepatitis E
  2. Mild Viral Hepatitis causes
    1. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
    2. Mononucleosis (EBV)
    3. Coxsachievirus
  3. Potentially severe hepatitis (especially in Immunocompromised patients)
    1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
    2. Varicella Zoster Virus
  4. Other Viral Hepatitis causes
    1. Adenovirus
    2. Influenza Virus
    3. Human Herpesvirus 6
    4. Chikungunya
    5. Dengue Fever

III. History

IV. Symptoms: Prodrome

V. Signs: Advanced Disease

  1. Dark Urine
  2. Pale stools
  3. Jaundice
  4. Tender Hepatomegaly

VI. Differential Diagnosis

VIII. Management

  1. See Acute Hepatitis
  2. Post-exposure Prophylaxis
    1. See Hepatitis A
    2. See Hepatitis B Postexposure Prophylaxis
    3. No Post-exposure Prophylaxis is available for Hepatitis C (as of 2015)
  3. Acute Viral Hepatitis
    1. Symptomatic management is primary treatment for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B
    2. Consider early Interferon based monotherapy for Acute Hepatitis C (started within first 4 weeks)
      1. See Hepatitis C
  4. Chronic Viral Hepatitis
    1. See Chronic Hepatitis B Antiviral Therapy
    2. See Hepatitis C Antiviral Regimen
  5. Cirrhosis
    1. See Chronic Liver Failure

X. References

  1. Swencki (2015) Crit Dec Emerg Med 29(11):2-10
  2. Swencki (2023) Crit Dec Emerg Med 37(8):4-12

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