Infectious Disease Book

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Travel ImmunizationAka: Vaccines for Travelers, Immunization in Travelers

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  1. See Also
    1. Malaria Prophylaxis
    2. Travel Preparation
    3. Travel Resources
    4. Travel Restrictions
    5. International Medical Concerns
    6. Traveler's Diarrhea Prophylaxis
    7. First Aid Kit
    8. Waterborne Illness Prevention
    9. Foodborne Illness Prevention
    10. Prevention of Vector-borne Infection
    11. Fever in the Returning Traveler
  2. Precautions
    1. Check CDC website at least 4 weeks before travel
      1. Contains specific recommendations per area of travel
    2. CDC Website
      1. http://www.cdc.gov
  3. Update routine Immunizations
    1. Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine (MMR)
      1. Documentation of 2 doses if born after 1956
    2. Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine (Td)
      1. Consider booster if last dose more than 5 years ago
    3. Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPOL)
      1. Consider booster if over age 65 years
      2. Booster if travel to endemic area
        1. India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt
        2. Nigeria, Niger, Somalia
    4. Varicella Vaccine
      1. Consider if not immune
    5. Pneumococcal Vaccine
      1. Age over 65 years
      2. Asplenia, Cirrhosis, Diabetes Mellitus
      3. Cardiopulmonary illness
      4. Prolonged travel to remote area
      5. Significant exposure to animals
    6. Influenza Vaccine
      1. Travel to northern hemisphere in November to March
      2. Travel to southern hemisphere in April to September
  4. Immunizations required for entry in some countries
    1. Meningococcal Vaccine
    2. Yellow Fever Vaccine
      1. Required in equatorial Africa and South America
      2. Not recommended in pregnancy unless high risk area
      3. Women should try to delay travel until post-pregnancy
  5. Special Vaccination Indications
    1. Contaminated food or water exposure
      1. See Waterborne Illness Prevention
      2. See Foodborne Illness Prevention
      3. Typhoid Fever Vaccine
      4. Hepatitis A Vaccine
    2. Long-term travel
      1. Place Tuberculin Skin Test (PPD) for baseline
      2. Hepatitis B Vaccine
        1. Endemic travel
        2. Anticipating medical care abroad
        3. U.S. immigrants returning to country of origin
      3. Rabies Vaccine
        1. Remote travel
        2. Young or disabled traveler
    3. Travel to India or southeast asia
      1. Japanese Encephalitis vaccine
  6. Adult Immunizations Available
    1. Hepatitis A Vaccine
    2. Hepatitis B
    3. Japanese Encephalitis vaccine
      1. Safe in HIV; avoid in pregnancy
    4. Measles Mumps Rubella Vaccine (MMR)
    5. Meningococcal Vaccine
    6. Polio Vaccine
    7. Rabies Vaccine pre-exposure
    8. Tetanus Diphtheria Vaccine
    9. Typhoid Vaccine (Live oral or subcutaneous)
    10. Yellow Fever
    11. Cholera Vaccine
  7. References
    1. Re (2004) Am Fam Physician 70:89

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