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Influenza Vaccine
Aka: Influenza Vaccine, Trivalent Influenza Vaccine, Fluzone, Inactivated Influenza Vaccine, TIV Vaccine
- See Also
- Influenza
- Background: Vaccine Production
- Preparation (Inactivated Influenza Vaccine)
- Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV, Fluzone)
- Virus strains chosen based on:
- Virulence
- Lack of immunity in community
- Technical limitations on virus culture
- Virus grown in 90 million hens eggs over 1 year
- Vaccine developed and potency tested over 6-7 months
- Inject sheep and testing antigenicity
- Measure effective hemagglutinin concentration
- Develop reference strains
- Efficacy
- Prevents illness in 70% healthy people age <65 years
- Prevents 30-70% Pneumonia hospitalizations in elderly
- Indications: High risk groups (but recommended for all patients 6 months and over)
- Age 65 years and older
- All children ages 6 months to 18 years
- Nursing Home and Chronic care residents
- Chronic pulmonary disease
- Asthma
- COPD
- Chronic disease (especially those requiring frequent hospitalization)
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Chronic Liver Disease
- Heart disease
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Long term Aspirin use under age 18 years
- Prevents Reye's Syndrome
- Vectors
- Health care workers
- Nursing Home personnel
- Family members of high risk patients
- Families and child care workers caring for children under age 5 years
- Essential service providers
- Students in Institutional settings
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus or other immunosuppresion
- Travel to tropics any time of year
- Travel to Southern Hemisphere April to September
- Pregnancy (second and third trimester)
- Administer injectable Influenza Vaccine in any trimester (do not use Flumist)
- Breast Feeding
- Contraindications
- Age under 6 months
- Anaphylaxis to eggs or other vaccine components
- Acute febrile illness
- History of Guillain Barre Syndrome
- Protocol
- Site
- Adults and older children: Deltoid
- Infants and young children: Anterolateral thigh
- Timing
- Clinic Visits starting in September
- Nursing Homes in October-November (not too early!)
- Dosing Frequency
- Children (Age 6 months to 8 years)
- First Immunization year: 2 doses, 1 month apart before December
- Subsequent Immunization years: 1 dose before December
- Adults and children over age 9 years
- Dosing: 1 dose per year before December
- Consider a second dose if first dose given early
- Dose
- Age 6 to 35 months: 0.25 ml
- Age 3 years or older: 0.50 ml (contains 45 mcg hemagglutinin antigen per dose)
- Age 65 years of older
- Standard dose as above (45 mcg hemagglutinin) or
- High dose Fluzone (180 mcg hemagglutinin)
- May offer better immunity but as of 2011, either vaccine may be given
- Safety
- No longer contains thimerosal
- Influenza Vaccine is safe in infants and children
- France (2004) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158:1031-6
- References
- (1999) Preparing for the Next Pandemic telecast, CDC
- (1997) Am Fam Physician 56(1):279-282