Infectious Disease Book

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Inactivated Polio VaccineAka: Polio Vaccine, OPV, IPV, EIPV

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  1. Indications
    1. Primary Immunization series
    2. Travel to endemic area
      1. Asia
      2. Africa
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Reasoning in switch from OPV to EIPV
      1. Rare risk of poliomyelitis
      2. See Oral polio vaccine complications below
    2. All EIPV would result in no cases of polio
      1. But decreased mucosal (GI, mucus membrane) Immunity
      2. Chance for exposure from cases from Endemic areas
        1. China
        2. India
  3. Contraindications to OPV
    1. Immunodeficiency disorders
    2. Household contacts of immunodeficient person
    3. Pregnancy
    4. Hypersensitivity to vaccine
    5. Anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or Streptomycin
  4. Dose
    1. Adults: EIPV 0.5 ml SC
  5. Schedule (New recommended schedule)
    1. Recent modification recommends EIPV for all 4 doses
      1. Dose 1: Age 2 months
      2. Dose 2: Age 4 months
      3. Dose 3: Age 6 to 18 months
      4. Dose 4: Age 4 to 6 years
  6. Precaution
    1. EIPV is Safe in HIV and Pregnancy
    2. Avoid OPV in HIV and Pregnancy
  7. Complications: Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
    1. Cases per year Poliomyelitis associated with OPV: 8
      1. One case per 2 million doses
      2. EIPV results in no cases of poliomyelitis
  8. References
    1. (1996) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45(RR-12):1
    2. (2000) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 49(RR-5):1

Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral (C0032375)

Definition (MSH)A live vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus, types I, II, and III, grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture, used for routine immunization of children against polio. This vaccine induces long-lasting intestinal and humoral immunity. Killed vaccine induces only humoral immunity. Oral poliovirus vaccine should not be administered to immunocompromised individuals or their household contacts. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Definition (HL7V3.0)poliovirus vaccine, live, oral
ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121) , Immunologic Factor (T129)
EnglishOPV, Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Sabin Vaccine, TOPV
Spanishvacuna de Sabin
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated (C0718003)

Definition (MSH)A suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture and used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS.
Definition (HL7V3.0)poliovirus vaccine, inactivated
ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121) , Immunologic Factor (T129)
EnglishInactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, Inactivated poliovirus vaccine, IPV, POLIOVIRUS VACCINE INACTIVATED, POLIOVIRUS VACCINE INACTIVATED PREPARATION
Spanishvacuna antipoliomielítica a virus inactivados, vacuna antipoliomielítica de virus inactivados, vacuna antipoliomielitica a virus inactivados, vacuna antipoliomielitica de virus inactivados
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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