Pharyngitis Causes

Aka: Pharyngitis Causes, Sore Throat Causes, Dysphagia from Oropharyngeal Cause

1. See Also
   1. Pharyngitis
   2. Dysphagia
2. Causes: Bacterial (Persists slightly longer than viral)
   1. Common Bacterial Causes
      1. Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis
      2. Pneumococcus
      3. Staphylococcus aureus (also Bacterial Tracheitis)
      4. HaemophilusInfluenzae (also Epiglottitis)
      5. Moraxella catarrhalis
   2. Other Bacterial Causes
      1. Fusobacterium necrophorium (Fusobacterium Pharyngitis)
         1. Causes 10% of Pharyngitis cases in young adults and adolescents
         2. Risk of Lemierre Syndrome (high morbidity and mortality)
         3. Consider empiric treatment in young patients with severe, prolonged cases >5 days
      2. Other Streptococcal species (Groups B, C, G)
      3. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
      4. Chlamydia pneumoniae
      5. Klebsiella
      6. Moraxella
      7. Mycoplasma
      8. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
      9. Mycobacterium
   3. General bacterial processes
      1. Tonsillitis
      2. Ludwig's Angina
3. Causes: Viral (Pharyngitis lasts 5-7 days)
   1. Common Causes
      1. Rhinovirus (Spring and fall, mild Symptoms)
      2. Coronavirus (Winter, mild Symptoms)
   2. Other Causes
      1. Adenovirus (Moderate Symptoms, Conjunctivitis)
      2. Influenza (Epidemics)
      3. Parainfluenza
      4. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV, Mononucleosis)
      5. Coxsackievirus
      6. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
      7. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Stomatitis
      8. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
      9. Myxovirus
      10. Reovirus
      11. Enteric virus
      12. Mumps
      13. Rabies
4. Causes: Fungal
   1. Common Causes
      1. Candida albicans
   2. Other Causes
      1. Rhinosporidium
      2. Cryptococcus
      3. Histoplasma
      4. Blastomyces
      5. Paracoccidioides
5. Causes: Nasal and paranasal Disease
   1. Allergic Rhinitis
   2. Sinusitis
6. Causes: Malignancy
   1. Leukemia
   2. Lymphoma
   3. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
7. Causes: Autoimmune and Allergic Conditions
   1. Behcet's Syndrome
   2. Reiter's Syndrome
   3. Kawasaki's Disease
   4. Erythema Multiforme
   5. Pemphigus
8. Causes: Miscellaneous
   1. Trauma
      1. Accidents
      2. Child Abuse
      3. Structure fire or smoke exposure
   2. Chemical Burns
      1. Caustic ingestion
      2. Medication related (e.g. Aspirin)
   3. Thermal Injury (Hot foods or liquids)
   4. Contact stomatitis
   5. Toxins
      1. Cigarette or Marijuana smoke
      2. Smog or environmental pollutants
   6. Gastroesophageal Reflux (Heartburn)