Human Immunodeficiency Virus Book

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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorAka: nRTI, Double nRTI

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  1. Mechanism
    1. Incorporate into DNA of virus
    2. Stops building process
    3. Resulting DNA incomplete, cannot create new virus
  2. Preparations
    1. Abacavir (Ziagen)
    2. Didanosine (Videx, ddI)
    3. Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC)
    4. Stavudine (Zerit, d4T)
    5. Zalcitabine (Hivid, ddC)
    6. Zidovudine (Retrovir, ZDV or AZT)
    7. Abacavir, Lamivudine, and Zidovudine (Trizivir)
    8. Lamivudine and Zidovudine (Combivir)
  3. Double nRTI Combinations
    1. Stavudine (d4T) and Didanosine (ddI)
      1. Consider with Hydroxyurea 500 bid
    2. Stavudine (d4T) and Lamivudine (3TC)
    3. Zidovudine (AZT) and Didanosine (ddI)
    4. Zidovudine (AZT) and Zalcitabine (ddC)
    5. Zidovudine (AZT) and Lamivudine (3TC)
  4. Adverse Reactions
    1. Neuropathy (occurs with 3 D's: DDI, DDC, D4T)
      1. Didanosine (ddI)
      2. Zalcitabine (ddC)
      3. Stavudine (d4T)
    2. Pancreatitis (occurs with 3 D's: DDI, DDC, D4T)
      1. Didanosine (ddI)
      2. Zalcitabine (ddC)
      3. Stavudine (d4T)
    3. Hepatomegaly and Steatosis
      1. (1995) Am J Gastroenterol 90(9):1433
    4. Lactic Acidosis (uncommon, but life-threatening)
      1. Stop nRTI immediately if Lactic Acidosis occurs
      2. Associated with prolonged nRTI use
      3. More common in overweight and pregnant women
    5. Severe lethal Hypersensitivity Reaction
      1. Abacavir (occurs on rechallenge after reaction)
    6. Gastrointestinal upset or Diarrhea

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (C1373111)

ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121)
EnglishNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Parent ConceptsReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (C0282519)
SourcesNDFRT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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