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AcetazolamideAka: Diamox

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  1. Mechanism
    1. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
  2. Indications
    1. High Altitude Sickness treatment and prevention
    2. Pseudotumor Cerebri
  3. Contraindications
    1. Sulfonamide allergy
  4. Dosing
    1. High Altitude Sickness
      1. Prevention: 125 mg PO bid
        1. Start 24 hours before ascent
        2. Continue for 72 hours
      2. Insomnia at altitude: 125 mg PO qhs
      3. Treatment: 250 to 400 mg PO bid
    2. Pseudotumor Cerebri
      1. Dose range: 125-250 mg PO qd-tid
  5. Adverse Effects
    1. Peripheral Paresthesias
    2. Polyuria

Acetazolamide (C0000981)

Definition (MSH)One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
Definition (CSP)carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is sometimes effective against seizures.
Definition (NCI)A sulfonamide derivative with diuretic, anti-glaucoma and anticonvulsant properties. Acetazolamide is a non-competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme found in cells in the proximal tube of the kidney, the eye and glial cells. Inhibition of this enzyme in the kidney prevents excretion of hydrogen, leading to increased bicarbonate and cation excretion and increased urinary volume, resulting in an alkaline diuresis. Acetazolamide reduces the concentration of bicarbonate resulting in a decreased synthesis of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. Although, the mechanism is unknown, acetazolamide has anti-convulsant properties resulting from indirect effects secondary to metabolic acidosis or direct effects on neuronal transmission. Acetazolamide also produces respiratory stimulant effects in response to changes to both carbon dioxide and oxygen tension levels within the lungs
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD000086
EnglishAcetazolamide, Acetazolamide - chemical, ACETAZOLAMIDE PREPARATION
Spanishacetazolamida, acetazolamida - sustancia quimica
Parent ConceptsCarbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (C0007036), Thiazoles (C0039859), Thiadiazoles (C0039837), [CV703] CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR DIURETICS (C0991600), Duplicate concept (C1274013), Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Ophthalmic (C1579381)
SourcesCSP, LCH, LNC, MSH, MTH, MTHSPL, NCI, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, USPMG, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Diamox (C0591362)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD000086
EnglishCyanamid Brand of Acetazolamide Preparation, Diamox, Lederle Brand of Acetazolamide Preparation, Storz Brand of Acetazolamide Preparation, Whelehan Brand of Acetazolamide Preparation, Wyeth Brand of Acetazolamide Preparation
SourcesMSH, MTH, NCI, RXNORM
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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