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Arterial Blood GasAka: Blood Gas, ABG, PaCO2, PCO2

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  1. See Also
    1. ABG Interpretation
    2. A-a Gradient
  2. Arterial Blood source
    1. Arterial Puncture
    2. Arterial Line
  3. Conditions invalidating or modifying ABG Results
    1. Delayed analysis
      1. Iced Sample maintains values for 1-2 hours
      2. Un-iced sample quickly becomes invalid
        1. PaCO2 rises 3-10 mmHg/hour
        2. PaO2 falls at a rate related to initial value
        3. pH falls modestly
    2. Excessive Heparin
      1. Dilutional effect on results
      2. Decreases bicarbonate and PaCO2
    3. Large Air bubbles not expelled from sample
      1. PaO2 rises 0-30 mmHg
      2. PaCO2 may fall slightly
    4. Fever or Hypothermia
      1. Machine temperature approaches 37 C
      2. Patient temperature shifts oxyhemoglobin curve
    5. Hyperventilation or breath holding (due to anxiety)
      1. May lead to erroneous lab results
  4. Primary and Secondary Acid Base Disorders
    1. Respiratory Acidosis (pCO2 increases)
      1. Compensated by Metabolic Alkalosis (HCO3 increases)
    2. Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2 decreases)
      1. Compensated by Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 decreases)
    3. Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 decreases)
      1. Compensated by Respiratory Alkalosis (PCO2 decreases)
    4. Metabolic Alkalosis (HCO3 increases)
      1. Compensated by Respiratory Acidosis (PCO2 increases)
  5. Interpretation: pH
    1. Normal arterial pH = 7.36 to 7.44
    2. Metabolic Conditions are suggested if
      1. pH changes in the same direction as pCO2
      2. pH is abnormal but pCO2 remains unchanged
    3. Metabolic Conditions related changes in Bicarbonate
      1. Increase pH by 0.01 (with PaCO2 unchanged)
        1. Bicarbonate increases 0.67 meq/L
      2. Decrease pH by 0.01 (with paCO2 unchanged)
        1. Bicarbonate decreases 0.67 meq/L
  6. Interpretation pH
    1. See Calculated PaCO2
  7. References
    1. Arieff (1993) J Crit Illn 8(2):224
    2. Narins (1982) Am J Med 72:496
    3. Narins (1980) Medicine 59:161
    4. Ghosh (2000) Fed Pract p. 23-33
    5. Rutecki (Dec 1997) Consultant, p. 3067-74
    6. Rutecki (Jan 1998) Consultant, p. 131-42

Blood Gas Analysis (C0005800)

Definition (MSH)Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
ConceptsLaboratory Procedure (T059)
MSHD001784
EnglishANAL BLOOD GAS, BG - Blood gases, BGA - Blood gas analysis, BLOOD GAS ANAL, Blood Gas Analyses, Blood Gas Analysis, Blood gas levels, Blood gas measurement, Blood gas studies, Blood gases, Gases - blood
Spanishanalisis de gases en sangre, determinacion de niveles de gases en sangre, medicion de gases en sangre
Parent ConceptsBlood Chemical Analysis (C0005774), Respiratory Function Tests (C0035227), Blood Gas Analysis (C0005800), Chemical procedure (C0201682), Biochemical test (C0430027), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesAOD, LNC, MSH, MTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Blood gases, arterial measurement (C0150411)

ConceptsDiagnostic Procedure (T060)
ICD989.65
EnglishABG - Arterial blood gas analysis, ABGs measurement, Analysis of arterial blood gases and pH, ARTERIAL BLD GAS MEASURE, Arterial blood gas analysis, Arterial blood gases, Measurement of systemic arterial blood gases
Spanishanalisis de gases en sangre arterial y pH, medicion arterial de gases, medicion arterial de gases en sangre
Parent ConceptsMISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES (C0178380), Cardiovascular monitoring (C0161959), Blood Gas Analysis (C0005800), Blood Tests (C0018941), Blood gases, arterial measurement (C0150411), Chemical procedure (C0201682), Hydrogen ion concentration measurement (C0202165), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesCCS, ICD9CM, MTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


A1BG gene (C1412045)

ConceptsGene or Genome (T028)
EnglishA1B, A1BG, A1BG gene, ABG, alpha-1-B glycoprotein, ALPHA-1-B-GLYCOPROTEIN, GAB
SourcesHUGO, MTH, OMIM
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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