Cardiovascular Medicine Book

Electrocardiogram

Hypertension

http://www.fpnotebook.com/

Pulmonary Hypertension CausesAka: Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension

Advertisement

  1. General
    1. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension is idiopathic
    2. Causes below relate to Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension
  2. Causes: Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (PPH)
    1. Definite or highly likely causes of PPH
      1. Aminorex
      2. Fenfluramine
      3. Dexfenfluramine
      4. Toxic rapeseed oil
      5. Amphetamines
      6. L-Tryptophan
      7. Female gender
      8. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
      9. Portal Hypertension
      10. Significant liver disease
      11. Collagen vascular disease
      12. Congenital systemic to pulmonary cardiac shunts
    2. Possible causes of PPH
      1. Meta-Amphetamine
      2. Cocaine
      3. Chemotherapy agents
      4. Pregnancy
      5. Systemic Hypertension
      6. Thyroid disease
    3. Unlikely causes of PPH
      1. Antidepressants
      2. Oral Contraceptives
      3. Estrogen Replacement Therapy
      4. Tobacco abuse
      5. Obesity
  3. Causes: Respiratory (Progresses to Cor Pulmonale)
    1. Pulmonary parenchymal Disease
      1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
      2. Interstitial Lung Disease
      3. Bronchiectasis
      4. Cystic Fibrosis
      5. Scleroderma
      6. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia following neonatal RDS
    2. Pulmonary Vascular disease
      1. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
      2. Recurrent Pulmonary Embolus
      3. Vasculitis
      4. Sickle Cell Anemia
      5. Schistosomiasis
      6. Sarcoidosis
      7. Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis
    3. Breathing Mechanics
      1. Kyphoscoliosis or Pectus Excavatum
      2. Neuromuscular disorder
      3. Marked Obesity
      4. Sleep Apnea
  4. Causes: Vascular
    1. Arterial Hypertension Causes
      1. Collagen vascular disease
      2. Portal Hypertension
      3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
      4. Medications (appetite suppressants)
      5. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the newborn
    2. Venous Hypertension Causes
      1. Disease of the left atrium
      2. Disease of the left ventricle
      3. Central pulmonary vein compression
        1. Fibrosing mediastinitis
        2. Adenopathy
        3. Tumor masses
  5. References
    1. Abenhaim (1996) N Engl J Med 335:609
    2. Chaouat (1996) Chest 109:380
    3. Mesa (1998) Mayo Clin Proc 73:37
    4. Moser (1990) Circulation 81:1735
    5. Rounds (April 1998) Consultant 797-819
    6. Simonneau (1998) Chest 114:195S
    7. World Symposium on Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
      1. http:/www.who.int/ncd/cvd/pph.html

Navigation Tree