Endocrinology Book

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Obesity

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  1. See Also
    1. Obesity in Children
  2. Definition of obesity
    1. Men: 20% over estimated Ideal Weight
    2. Women: 30% over estimated Ideal Weight
  3. Epidemiology
    1. Prevalence: 33% US adults age 20 to 74 are obese
    2. Trends
      1. Obesity Prevalence has increased 8% since 1980
      2. Obesity Prevalence has increased 54% ages 6-11 years
    3. Patients gain 1 pound per year after age 25
  4. Pathophysiology: Fat expands in 2 ways
    1. Fat Cell Number
      1. Fat cell number does not decrease with weight loss
      2. Increases 5 fold until age 22 years
      3. Increase continues with nutritional excess
      4. Non-obese person has 25-30 billion fat cells
      5. Obese person has 260 billion cells
    2. Fat Cell Size
      1. Fat cell size reduces with weight loss
      2. Adults fill existing fat cells when they over eat
  5. Evaluation
    1. See Obesity Evaluation
    2. See Obesity Measurement
    3. See Obesity Risk
  6. Management
    1. See Obesity Management
    2. See Obesity Medications
    3. See Obesity Resources
  7. Worksheets
    1. Dietician in the Box
      1. PreventEdWeightLoss2Sjm.htm
  8. Research: Obesity Gene (ob)
    1. Ob expression
      1. Feeding turns on rat adipocytes via Insulin
      2. Inhibit Neuropeptide Y synthesis at appetite center
      3. Neuropeptide Y
        1. Decreases thermogenesis
        2. Increases Insulin and appetite
    2. Ob gene function: Produces Leptin (protein)
      1. Leptin uppresses appetite in rats
      2. Leptin increases thermogenesis in rats
      3. Leptin decreases Insulin levels in rats
    3. References
      1. Saladin (1995) Nature 377:527
      2. Stephens (1995) Nature 377:530
      3. Pelleymounter (1995) Science 269(5223):540

Obesity (C0028754)

Definition (MSH)A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Definition (CSP)excessively high accumulation of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass; the amount of body fat (or adiposity) includes concern for both the distribution of fat throughout the body and the size of the adipose tissue deposits; individuals are usually at high clinical risk because of excess amount of body fat (BMI greater than 30).
Definition (NCI)Having a high amount of body fat. A person is considered obese if they have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9278.00
EnglishObese, Obesity
Spanishobesidad, obeso
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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