Neurology Book

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Absence Seizure

Aka: Absence Seizure, Petit Mal Seizure, Minor Seizure
  1. Epidemiology
    1. Almost exclusively occurs between age 5 and 18
    2. Rare before age 2 years or after adolescence
  2. Causes
    1. Inherited idiopathic Seizure disorder
    2. Secondary Seizure disorder
      1. Vascular malformation
      2. Infectious disease
      3. Neoplasm
      4. Toxic brain disease
  3. Symptoms and Signs
    1. Vacant, dazed facial expression
      1. Staring
      2. Impaired Consciousness
      3. Pallor
    2. Timing of episodes
      1. Occur Multiple times per day
      2. Brief interruption of current activity
      3. Short spells last 10 seconds
    3. Rhythmic activity
      1. Eye blinking
      2. Head movement
    4. Autonomic symptoms
      1. Incontinence of urine or stool
      2. Loss of postural control
    5. Unusual postictal activity
      1. Picking at clothes
      2. Pursing lips
  4. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Complex Partial Seizure
    2. Daydreaming
    3. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  5. Diagnosis: Electroencephalogram
    1. Bilateral, synchronous and symmetric pattern
    2. Three hertz wave-spike dysrhythmia over Frontal Lobe
  6. Course
    1. Most patients will cease Absence Seizures by age 20
      1. Absence Seizures began in childhood
      2. Seizures not due to secondary cause
    2. Untreated Absence Seizures progress in 33% of patients
      1. Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizure
  7. Management: Prophylaxis
    1. Ethosuximide
    2. Valproic Acid
    3. Clonazepam

Absence Epilepsy (C0014553)

Definition (NCI) Generalized seizure that manifests in a form of a brief episode of impairment of consciousness with or without accompanying motor phenomena such as clonic-tonic components, automatisms, or autonomic components.
Definition (NCI) Epilepsy characterized by very brief episodes of sudden cessation of activity, usually associated with eye blinking. There is no loss of the muscle tone.
Definition (MSH) A childhood seizure disorder characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)
Definition (NCI) Generalized seizure that manifests in a form of a brief episode of impairment of consciousness with or without accompanying motor phenomena such as clonic-tonic components, automatisms, or autonomic components.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D004832
ICD10 G40.7, G40.3
SnomedCT 79631006, 16757004, 163596002, 155037000, 192980007, 140805008, 192983009, 50866000, 230413002
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French Absences épileptiques, Epilepsie petit mal, Convulsion de petit mal, Convulsion petit mal, PETIT MAL, Petit mal épileptique, Petit mal, Absence épileptique, Crises d'absence
German Absence-Anfaelle, Konvulsion Petit-mal, Petit-mal-Konvulsion, Epilepsie Petit-mal, Petit-mal, Absenceanfall, PETIT MAL, Petit-mal-Anfaelle, nicht naeher bezeichnet, ohne Grand-mal-Anfaelle, Petit mal Epilepsie, Epilepsie, Absence-, Epilepsie, Petit mal-, Petit-mal-Epilepsie, Pyknolepsie, Absencenepilepsie, Epilepsie, Minor-, Absencenanfälle
Italian Assenze epilettiche, Epilessia da piccolo male, Piccolo male epilettico, Assenza epilettica, Convulsione da piccolo male, Piccolo male, Picno-epilessia, Epilessia minor, Epilessia tipo piccolo male giovanile, Epilessia con assenza dell'infanzia, Disturbo da attacco tipo assenza, Epilessia tipo piccolo male dell'infanzia, Attacchi tipo assenza, Convulsioni da piccolo male, Picnoepilessia,, Epilessia tipo piccolo male
Dutch petit mal, petit mal convulsie, absence insult, epilepsie petit mal, convulsie petit mal, absence; epilepsie, absences; epileptisch, epilepsie; absence, epilepsie; minor, epilepsie; petit mal, petit mal; epilepsie, Petit mal zonder grandmalaanvallen, niet gespecificeerd, absences, petit mal epilepsie, Absence, Petit mal, Pycnolepsie
Portuguese Pequeno mal, Convulsão de pequeno mal, Crise de ausência, Petit mal epiléptico, PEQUENO MAL, Crises de ausência, Pequeno mal epiléptico, Crises de Ausência, Epilepsia do Pequeno Mal, Epilepsia Menor, Epilepsia Minor, Epilepsia Tipo Ausência, Picnoepilepsia
Spanish Convulsión de pequeño mal, Petit mal, Epilepsia de pequeñot mal, Ataque de ausencia, Childhood absence epilepsy, Absence seizure, Juvenile absence epilepsy, PEQUENO MAL, ausencias, ausencia, convulsiones de ausencia, crisis de ausencia (trastorno), crisis de ausencia, epilepsia de ausencia en la niñez (trastorno), epilepsia de ausencia en la niñez, epilepsia juvenil con ausencias (trastorno), epilepsia juvenil con ausencias, pequeño mal, petit mal (concepto no activo), petit mal, Ausencias, Epilepsia de pequeño mal, Crisis de Ausencia, Epilepsia del Pequeño Mal, Epilepsia Menor, Epilepsia Tipo Ausencia, Picnolepsia, Epilepsia del Pequeno Mal
Japanese 小発作痙攣, ｼｮｳﾎｯｻ, ｼｮｳﾎｯｻﾃﾝｶﾝ, ｹｯｼﾝﾎｯｻ, ｼｮｳﾎｯｻｹｲﾚﾝ, 無動小発作, 癲癇-小発作, 小発作てんかん, てんかん-小発作, 小発作癲癇, 欠神発作, ピクノレプシー, 小発作, 欠神てんかん, てんかん-欠神
Swedish Absensepilepsi
Czech epilepsie petit mal, Epilepsie typu petit mal, Epilepsie petit mal, Absence záchvatů, Konvulzivní petit mal záchvat, Petit mal, Malý záchvat křečový, Záchvat absence
Finnish Poissaolokohtaukset
Russian ABSANS, AKINETICHESKII MALYI PRIPADOK, EPILEPSIIA PETIT MAL, EPILEPTICHESKII MALYI PRIPADOK, EPILEPSIIA, ABSANS, ABSANS EPILEPTICHESKII, PETIT MAL EPILEPSIIA, PETIT MAL ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ, АБСАНС, АБСАНС ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЙ, АКИНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ МАЛЫЙ ПРИПАДОК, ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ PETIT MAL, ЭПИЛЕПСИЯ, АБСАНС, ЭПИЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЙ МАЛЫЙ ПРИПАДОК
Korean 대발작이 없는 상세불명의 소발작
Polish Napad padaczkowy abscence, Pykno-epilepsja, Petit mal, Napad padaczkowy mały, Napad nieświadomości
Hungarian Petit-mal-convulsio, Petit mal convulsio, Petit mal epilepszia, Petit mal epilepsia, Petit mal, Absence epilepsziás roham
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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