Infectious Disease Book

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Visceral Larva Migrans

Aka: Visceral Larva Migrans, Toxocariasis
  1. See Also
    1. Ocular Larva Migrans
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: 10,000 cases per year in United States
  3. Causes: Roundworms (Nematodes)
    1. Toxocara canis (dogs)
    2. Toxocara cati (cats)
  4. Transmission
    1. Spread via dog or cat feces contaminating soil
    2. Young children (age <3 years) eating contaminated soil
      1. Common in playgrounds and sandboxes
    3. Adults ingesting raw liver
  5. Pathophysiology
    1. Infectious eggs ingested and hatch in Intestine
    2. Larvae trapped in liver or circulate
  6. Symptoms
    1. Nausea
    2. Fever
    3. Myalgia
    4. Hepatomegaly
    5. Edema
    6. Urticaria
  7. Complications
    1. Epilepsy may develop in toddlers
    2. Ocular Larva Migrans (Endophthalmitis)
  8. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Hepatitis
    2. Encephalitis
    3. Viral myalgia
    4. Epilepsy
    5. Pneumonia
    6. Trichinosis
    7. Eosinophilic Leukemia
    8. Periarteritis nodosa
  9. Labs
    1. Complete Blood Count
      1. Leukocytosis with >20% Eosinophilia
    2. Larval antigen ELISA Test
  10. Course
    1. Self limited
    2. Generally benign
  11. Management
    1. Indications
      1. Severe cardiac or pulmonary disease
      2. Neurologic involvement
    2. Preparations
      1. Mebendazole (Vermox)
        1. Dose: 100-200 bid for 5 days
      2. Diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan)
        1. Dose: 6 mg/kg/day divided tid for 7-10 days
  12. Prevention
    1. Careful child supervision
      1. Prevent soil ingestion
      2. Encourage hand washing
    2. Regular worming of cats and dogs
    3. Clean up after pets
    4. Cover sandbox between use
    5. Cook liver and other organ meats well before eating

Toxocariasis (C0040553)

Definition (NCI) A parasitic infection caused by Toxocara. Humans are infected by the larvae of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati from dogs and cats respectively. Most cases remain asymptomatic. The parasites may affect the eye, causing diminished vision, or other major organs, causing hepatomegaly, eosinophilia, wheezing, and coughing.
Definition (MSH) Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D014120
ICD9 128.0
ICD10 B83.0
SnomedCT 406619001, 38995001, 76695000
English Toxocariases, Toxocariasis, TOXOCARIASIS, Toxocarosis, toxocariasis (diagnosis), toxocariasis, Infection due to Toxocara, Infection due to toxocara (disorder), Infection due to Toxocara (disorder), Infection due to toxocara, Toxocariasis [Disease/Finding], toxocarosis, Toxocara infection, Toxocariasis (disorder)
Dutch Toxocara-infectie, toxocariasis, Infectie, spoelworm-, Spoelworminfectie
French Infection à Toxocara, Toxocariase, Toxocarose
German Toxocarai-Infektion, Toxocarainfektion, Toxocariasis
Italian Infezione da Toxocara, Toxocariasi
Portuguese Infecção por toxocara, Toxocaríase
Spanish Infección por toxocara, toxocariasis (trastorno), toxocariasis, infección por Toxocara (trastorno), infección por Toxocara, Toxocariasis
Japanese トキソカラ症, トキソカラ感染, ﾄｷｿｶﾗｶﾝｾﾝ, ﾄｷｿｶﾗｼｮｳ
Swedish Toxocariasis
Czech toxokariáza, Toxokaróza
Finnish Toksokariaasi
Russian TOKSOKAROZ, ТОКСОКАРОЗ
Polish Zespół wędrującej larwy trzewnej, Toksokaroza
Hungarian Toxocara fertőzés, toxocariasis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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