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Decreased Visual AcuityAka: Visual Impairment, Low Vision, Vision Loss, Optical Low Vision Aid

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  1. See Also
    1. Acute Vision Loss
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence of low vision increases with age
      1. Prevalence: 3.3 million in U.S. over age 40 years
      2. Age over 80 years: Accounts for 69% of blindness
  3. Symptoms: Normal changes related to aging
    1. Presbyopia
    2. Decreased contrast sensitivity
    3. Decreased dark-light adaptation
    4. Delayed glare recovery
  4. Symptoms: Abnormal
    1. See Acute Vision Loss
    2. Loss of central vision
      1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration
    3. Loss of peripheral vision
      1. Glaucoma
    4. Generalized loss of vision
      1. Cataract
      2. Diabetic Retinopathy
  5. Causes: Common (over age 40 years)
    1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration (54% of all blindness in U.S.)
    2. Cataracts (most common cause of blindness worldwide)
    3. Glaucoma
    4. Diabetic Retinopathy
  6. Exam
    1. See Visual Acquity
  7. Interpretation
    1. Mild Vision Loss
      1. Vision 20/30 to 20/70
      2. Visual field <30 degrees
    2. Moderate Vision Loss
      1. Vision 20/80 to 20/160
    3. Severe Vision Loss
      1. Vision 20/200 to 20/400
      2. Visual field <20 degrees
    4. Profound Vision Loss
      1. Vision 20/500 to 20/1000
    5. Near Total Blindness
      1. Can detect hand motions
      2. Light perception intact
    6. Total Blindness
      1. No light perception
  8. Evaluation: Indications for eye care specialist referral
    1. Uncorrected vision <20/50 or
    2. One line difference (on Snellen Chart) between eyes
  9. Management: Vision Enhancing Devices
    1. See specific conditions
    2. Magnification Devices for reading
      1. High powered prismatic spectacles
      2. Handheld magnifier
      3. Stand magnifier
    3. Magnification Devices for more intricate activities
      1. Telemicroscopes (spectacle-mounted telescopes)
      2. Telescopes
    4. Adjunctive vision devices
      1. Filters to enhance contrast
      2. Filters to reduce glare
    5. Electronic vision Assistive Devices
      1. Video magnifiers
      2. Computer voice synthesizers to read text
    6. Other options
      1. Large print books
      2. Audiobooks
  10. Prevention
    1. See Preventive Eye Examination
  11. Resources
    1. American Council of the Blind
      1. http://www.acb.org
    2. American Foundation for the Blind
      1. http://www.afb.org
    3. Jewish Guild for the Blind
      1. http://www.jgb.org
    4. National Federation of the Blind
      1. http://www.nfb.org
    5. Prevent Blindness America
      1. http://www.preventblindness.org
  12. References
    1. Rosenberg (2008) Am Fam Physician 77(10):1431

Visual impairment (C0042798)

Definition (MSH)Vision considered to be inferior to normal vision as represented by accepted standards of acuity, field of vision, or motility. Low vision generally refers to visual disorders that are caused by diseases that cannot be corrected by refraction (e.g., MACULAR DEGENERATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, etc.).
Definition (AIR)Visual Loss: objective loss of visual acuity during a finite period attributable to an underlying disease.
ConceptsFinding (T033)
ICD9369.9, 438.7
MSHD015354
EnglishABNORMAL VISION, Can't see properly, Cannot see properly, Darkened vision, Decreased vision, Difficulty seeing, Dim vision, DIMINISHED VISION, Disturbances of vision, Impaired Vision, Low Vision, LV - Low vision, Partial sight, Partially sighted, Poor vision, Problem seeing, Problem sight, Reduced ability to see, Reduced vision, Sight impaired, Subnormal Vision, Unspecified visual loss, VISION ABNORMAL, VISION DECREASED, VISION DIM, vision disturbance, vision impaired, VISION IMPAIRMENT, Vision problem, visual defect, Visual defects, Visual difficulty, Visual impairment, Visual loss
Spanishalteracion de la funcion visual, dano visual, perdida visual, poca vision, problema de la vision, vision alterada, vision anormal, vision debil, vision disminuida
Parent ConceptsEye Manifestations (C0015411), Eyes and vision (C0150933), Physically Handicapped (C0086807), Sensory Disorders (C0152027), VISUAL NONSPECIFIC (C0549653), Vision Disorders NEC (C0877705), Ambulatory Status (C1550332), Blindness or low vision NOS (C0155020), Late effects of cerebrovascular disease (C0155732), Vision Disorders (C0042790), Eye and Ear Finding (C1333520), Visual Manifestations (C1336970), Visual disturbance (C0547030), General visual observation (C0578652), Blindness AND/OR vision impairment level (C1263864), Ambiguous concept (C1274012)
SourcesAIR, AOD, COSTAR, CST, DXP, HL7V2.5, ICD9CM, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Blind Vision (C0456909)

Definition (MSH)The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.
Definition (CSP)inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli; condition may be the result of eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm or brain diseases effecting the visual pathways or occipital lobe.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
MSHD001766
EnglishBlind, Blind Vision, Blindness, Cannot see, Loss Of Vision, Unable to see, UTS - Unable to see, VISION LOSS
Spanishceguera, ciego
Parent ConceptsVisual impairment (C0042798), Visual Loss: Further Characterization (C0150869), Eyes and vision (C0150933), Vision Disorders (C0042790), Disorder of the optic nerve (C0029132), RETINAL ABNORMALITY (C0035300), LENSE ABNORMALITIES (C0549651), RETINAL VASCULAR (C0549652), VISUAL NONSPECIFIC (C0549653), Vision Disorders NEC (C0877705), Visual Manifestations (C1336970), General visual observation (C0578652), Ambiguous concept (C1274012)
SourcesAIR, AOD, COSTAR, CSP, CST, DXP, LCH, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Optical low vision aid (C0730385)

ConceptsMedical Device (T074)
EnglishOptical low vision aid
Spanishlentes para vision escasa
Parent ConceptsLow vision aid (C0733778)
SourcesSCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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