Otolaryngology Book

Ear Disease

Hearing Disorders

Laryngeal Disease

Nasal Disease

Salivary Gland Disorders

Throat Disease

Tongue Disorders

Vestibular Disorders

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Hoarseness Causes

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  1. See Also
    1. Hoarseness
    2. Hoarseness History
  2. Primary Intralaryngeal Cause
    1. Acute Laryngitis
      1. Viral Laryngitis
      2. Bacterial Laryngitis
      3. Acute Epiglottitis
      4. Croup
      5. Bacterial Tracheitis
    2. Chronic Laryngitis
      1. Tobacco smoke exposure
        1. Irritative Laryngitis with edema of vocal cords
      2. Voice abuse (most common cause)
      3. Gastroesophageal Reflux (Reflux Laryngitis)
      4. Laryngeal Neoplasm
      5. Foreign Body Ingestion
      6. Laryngeal Polyp
      7. Traumatic Granuloma from intubation
  3. Secondary Intralaryngeal Cause
    1. Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Weakness
      1. Hypothyroidism
      2. Myasthenia Gravis
      3. Bulbar palsy (severe Dysphagia also present)
    2. Cricoarytenoid joint arthritis or fixation
      1. Rheumatoid Arthritis
      2. Gout
      3. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
      4. Trauma (e.g. Intubation)
  4. Laryngeal Nerve Damage (left recurrent laryngeal nerve)
    1. Surgical Procedures (Thyroid, neck, chest)
    2. Malignancies
      1. Thyroid Cancer
      2. Esophageal Cancer
      3. Lung Cancer
    3. Neuropathy
      1. Diabetic Neuropathy
      2. Viral Neuropathy
  5. Functional Hoarseness (no organic cause)
    1. Dysphonia Plicae Ventricularis
    2. Spastic Dysphonia
    3. Aphonia (complete absence of voice)

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