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Chloral Hydrate

Aka: Chloral Hydrate
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  1. Indications
    1. Pediatric Procedural Sedation
      1. Ketamine has replaced Chloral Hydrate
  2. Mechanism
    1. Sedation only (offers no Analgesic effect
  3. Dosing
    1. Dosing: 50-75 mg/kg/dose PO or PR
    2. Maximum: 1000 mg
  4. Pharmacokinetics
    1. Onset: 30 minutes
    2. Peak: 30 to 60 minutes
    3. Duration: 4 to 6 hours
  5. Adverse Effects
    1. Nausea or Vomiting
    2. Headache
    3. Dizziness
    4. Fever
    5. Paradoxic excitation
    6. Possible carcinogenicity
      1. Aneuploidy
      2. Hepatic tumors
  6. Precautions
    1. Limit to short term Sedation only
    2. Avoid repetitive dosing

Chloral Hydrate (C0008161)

Definition (CSP) hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia; the safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments; chemical formula CCL3CH(OH)2.
Definition (NCI) A synthetic monohydrate of chloral with sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsive properties. Chloral hydrate is converted to the active compound trichloroethanol by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase. The agent interacts with various neurotransmitter-operated ion channels, thereby enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor mediated chloride currents and inhibiting amino acid receptor-activated ion currents. In addition, chloral hydrate enhances the agonistic effects of glycine receptors, inhibits AMPA-induced calcium influx in cortical neurons, and facilitates 5-HT 3 receptor-mediated currents in ganglionic neurons. Overall, this results in a depressive effect on the central nervous system.
Definition (MSH) A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D002697
SnomedCT 321089003, 273948005, 28748001
English Hydrate, Chloral, chloral hydrate, 1,1-Ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-, Chloral hydrate product, sedatives chloral hydrate, chloral hydrate (medication), Chloral hydrate product (product), Chloral Hydrate [Chemical/Ingredient], Chloral hydrate, Hydrated chloral, Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, Chloral hydrate (product), Chloral hydrate (substance), Chloral hydrate product (substance), Chloral Hydrate, CHLORAL HYDRATE
Swedish Kloralhydrat
Czech chloralhydrát
Finnish Kloraalihydraatti
French 2,2,2-Trichloroéthane-1,1-diol, Hydrate de chloral, Chloral hydraté, 2,2,2-Trichloro-éthane-1,1-diol
Russian KHLORALGIDRAT, ХЛОРАЛГИДРАТ
Japanese 抱水クロラール
Spanish hidrato de cloral, producto (producto), hidrato de cloral, producto, coral hidratado, hidrato de cloral (producto), hidrato de cloral (sustancia), hidrato de cloral, producto (sustancia), hidrato de cloral, monohidrato de tricloroacetaldehído, Hidrato de Cloral
Croatian KLORALHIDRAT
Polish Chloralhydrat
German Chloralhydrat
Italian Idrato di clorale
Portuguese Hidrato de Cloral
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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