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Chloral Hydrate

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  1. Indications
    1. Pediatric Procedural Sedation
      1. Ketamine has replaced chloral hydrate
  2. Mechanism
    1. Sedation only (offers no Analgesic effect
  3. Dosing
    1. Dosing: 50-75 mg/kg/dose PO or PR
    2. Maximum: 1000 mg
  4. Pharmacokinetics
    1. Onset: 30 minutes
    2. Peak: 30 to 60 minutes
    3. Duration: 4 to 6 hours
  5. Adverse Effects
    1. Nausea or Vomiting
    2. Headache
    3. Dizziness
    4. Fever
    5. Paradoxic excitation
    6. Possible carcinogenicity
      1. Aneuploidy
      2. Hepatic tumors
  6. Precautions
    1. Limit to short term Sedation only
    2. Avoid repetitive dosing

Chloral Hydrate (C0008161)

Definition (MSH)A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.
Definition (CSP)hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of insomnia; the safety margin is too narrow for chloral hydrate to be used as a general anesthetic in humans, but it is commonly used for that purpose in animal experiments; chemical formula CCL3CH(OH)2.
Definition (NCI)A synthetic monohydrate of chloral with sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsive properties. Chloral hydrate is converted to the active compound trichloroethanol by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase. The agent interacts with various neurotransmitter-operated ion channels, thereby enhancing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor mediated chloride currents and inhibiting amino acid receptor-activated ion currents. In addition, chloral hydrate enhances the agonistic effects of glycine receptors, inhibits AMPA-induced calcium influx in cortical neurons, and facilitates 5-HT 3 receptor-mediated currents in ganglionic neurons. Overall, this results in a depressive effect on the central nervous system.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD002697
EnglishChloral Hydrate, CHLORAL HYDRATE PREPARATION, Chloral hydrate product, Hydrated chloral, Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate
Spanishcoral hidratado, hidrato de cloral, monohidrato de tricloroacetaldehido
Parent ConceptsGlycol (C0017945), ethylene glycol (C0015083), Hypnotics and Sedatives (C0020592), Ethylene Glycols (C0015086), Adjuvant Analgesic (C1510809), trichloroacetaldehyde (C0077034), Hypnotics (C0020591), Sedatives (C0036557), Chloral sedative (C0360126)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, USPMG, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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