Infectious Disease Book

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Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus

Aka: Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus, VRE
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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Multi-drug resistance (some sensitive to Tetracycline)
    2. Marked recent increase (14% resistance in ICU's)
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Enterococcus is fecal flora in 56-100% adults
    2. Organisms showing resistance
      1. Enterococcus faecium
      2. Enterococcus faecalis
  3. Risk factors associated with infection
    1. Compromised hosts
    2. Associated Conditions
      1. Endocarditis
      2. Urinary Tract Infections
      3. Meningitis
      4. Wound infections
      5. Intravenous catheter infections
  4. Management of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus
    1. No single antibiotic is bactericidal
      1. Combination therapy is mandatory
    2. Susceptible to Ampicillin
      1. Antibiotic 1
        1. Ampicillin or
        2. Ampicillin/Sulbactam (Unasyn)
      2. Antibiotic 2
        1. Gentamicin
        2. Streptomycin
    3. High resistance to Ampicillin (MIC >64 mg/ml)
      1. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
      2. Linezolid (Zyvox)
      3. Combination 1 (three drugs)
        1. Ciprofloxacin and
        2. Rifampin and
        3. Gentamicin
      4. Combination 2 (two drugs)
        1. Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone and
        2. Fosfomycin
      5. Combination 3 (four drugs)
        1. Chloramphenicol and
        2. Doxycycline and
        3. Rifampin and
        4. Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)
  5. References
    1. Michel (1997) Lancet 349:1901-6
    2. Murray (2000) N Engl J Med 342:710-21

Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (C1265175)

Definition (NCI) A group of bacterial species of the genus Enterococcus that is resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.
Concepts Bacterium (T007)
SnomedCT 113727004
English Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus, vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE), vre, VRE, Vancomycin resistant enterococcus, Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (organism), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (organism)
Spanish Enterococcus resistente a la vancomicina, enterococo resistente a la vancomicina (organismo), enterococo resistente a la vancomicina
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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