Infectious Disease Book

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Cephalosporin

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  1. General
    1. Spectrum changes from first to third generation
      1. First Generation: Better Gram Positive Cocci coverage
      2. Third Generation: Better Gram Negative Rod coverage
  2. Contraindications
    1. Drug allergy to other Cephalosporin
    2. Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction to a Penicillin
  3. Class: First Generation Cephalosporins
    1. Oral Agents
      1. Cephalexin (Keflex)
      2. Cephradine (Velosef)
      3. Cefadroxil (Duricef)
    2. Parenteral Agents
      1. Cefazolin (Ancef)
    3. Organisms covered
      1. Gram Positive Cocci
      2. EKP Gram Negative Bacteria
  4. Class: Second Generation Cephalosporins
    1. Second Generation Broad-spectrum Cephalosporins
      1. Oral Agents
        1. Loracarbef (Lorabid)
        2. Cefprozil (Cefzil)
        3. Cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef)
        4. Cefaclor (Ceclor)
      2. Organisms Covered
        1. Gram Positive Cocci
        2. EKP Gram Negative Bacteria
        3. Gram Negative Coccobacilli
    2. Second Generation Anti-anaerobe Cephalosporins
      1. Parenteral Agents
        1. Cefoxitin
        2. Cefotetan
        3. Cefamandole
      2. Organisms Covered
        1. Bacteroides fragilis
  5. Class: Third Generation Cephalosporins
    1. Third Generation Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporins
      1. Oral agents
        1. Cefixime (Suprax)
        2. Cefpodoxime (Vantin)
      2. Parenteral agents
        1. Cefotaxime (Claforan)
        2. Ceftizoxime (Cefizox)
        3. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
      3. Organisms Covered
        1. Gram Positive Cocci
        2. EKP Gram Negative Bacteria
        3. ESP Gram Negative Bacteria
        4. No Pseudomonas activity
    2. Third Generation Anti-Pseudomonal Cephalosporins
      1. Agents
        1. Ceftazidime (Fortaz)
      2. Organisms Covered
        1. Pseudomonas
        2. EKP Gram Negative Bacteria
        3. ESP Gram Negative Bacteria
        4. Poor Gram Positive Cocci coverage
        5. No Coccobacilli coverage
  6. Dosing: Adults
    1. Almost all Cephalosporins
      1. Typical Dose: 1-2 grams IV q8h
    2. Exceptions
      1. Ceftriaxone 1-2 grams IV q24 hours
      2. Cefotetan 1-2 grams IV q12 hours
  7. Dosing: Children
    1. Almost all Cephalosporins
      1. Typical dose: 100-200 mg/kg/day divided q8 hours
    2. Exceptions
      1. Ceftriaxone 75-100 mg/kg/day q24 hours
  8. Reducing Adverse Effects
    1. Least Diarrhea
      1. Lorabid
      2. Ceclor
      3. Cefzil
    2. Best taste
      1. Lorabid
      2. Suprax
      3. Vantin (under age 2 years)

Cephalosporins (C0007732)

Definition (MSH)A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.
Definition (CSP)group of broad spectrum antibiotics which share the nucleus 7-aminocephalosporanic acid; antibacterial activity results from inhibition of the cross linking of peptidoglycan units in the cell wall.
Definition (NCI)A family of antibiotic drugs that is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections.
Definition (NCI)A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus Acremonium (Cephalosporium acremonium). Cephalosporins inhibit mucopeptide synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins, causing inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. (NCI)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Antibiotic (T195)
MSHD002511
EnglishCephalosporin, Cephalosporin -class of antibiotic-, Cephalosporin Antibiotic, Cephalosporin Antibiotics, Cephalosporins
Parent ConceptsMonobactams (C0026458), Thiazines (C0039858), beta-Lactams (C0282215), Antibiotics (C0003232), Microbicides (C1136254)
SourcesCSP, LCH, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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