II. Causes: Recreational and Illicit Drug use
- Anti-androgen
- Marijuana
- Alcohol (also contains Phytoestrogens)
- Miscellaneous
- Amphetamines
- Heroin
- Methadone
- Anabolic Steroids (see below under hormonal agents)
III. Causes: Chemotherapy
- Anti-androgens
- Alkylating Agents
- Methotrexate
- Penicillamine (Cuprimine)
- Cisplatin
- Vinca alkaloids
IV. Causes: Antimicrobial
- Anti-androgens
- Miscellaneous
- Antiretroviral agents
- Didanosine (Videx)
- Minocycline (Minocin)
V. Causes: Gastrointestinal
- Anti-androgens
- Hyperprolactinemia
VI. Causes: Hormonal agents
- Anti-androgens
- Bicalutamide (Casodex)
- Flutamide (Eulexin)
-
Estrogenic agents
- Estrogens (including Topical Estrogen exposure from sexual partner)
- Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonists
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropins
- Phytoestrogens
- Tamoxifen
- Anabolic Steroids
- Suppress endogenous Testosterone production
- Allows for Estrogen predominance between Anabolic Steroid injections
VII. Causes: Cardiovascular agents
- Anti-androgens
- Estrogenic agents
- Miscellaneous
- Amiodarone
- Amlodipine (Norvasc)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- Diltiazem
- Fenofibrate (Tricor)
- Nifedipine (Procardia)
- Methyldopa
- Reserpine
- Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
- Verapamil
- Minoxidil
VIII. Causes: Neuropsychiatric agents
- Estrogenic agents
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Miscellaneous
IX. Causes: Herbals
- Lavender
- Tea tree oil
- Dong Quai
- Tribulus terrestris
- Soy Protein (>300 mg/day)
X. Causes: Miscellaneous agents
- Finasteride
- Theophylline
- Sulindac (Clinoril)
- Etomidate (Amidate)