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Narcolepsy

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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Prevalence: 40 per 100,000
    2. Men and women affected equally
    3. Onset in adolescence
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Excessive Sleepiness
    2. Abnormal REM Sleep
  3. Causes
    1. Idiopathic
      1. Hereditary related to DR-2
    2. Secondary causes
      1. Head Trauma
      2. Encephalopathy
      3. Brain Tumor
      4. Cerebrovascular insufficiency
  4. Symptoms
    1. Recurrent irresistible daytime Sleepiness
      1. Occurs unexpectedly and at inappropriate times
    2. Cataplexy
      1. Brief episodic muscular paralysis
    3. Provocative factors
      1. Emotional events
  5. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Hypersomnolence
    2. Sleep Apnea
  6. Labs
    1. Thyroid Function Tests
    2. Renal Function tests
    3. Serum Calcium
    4. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
      1. Rule-out Hypercapnia
  7. Diagnostics
    1. Sleep Study
    2. Shortened REM latency
      1. Rapid transition to REM
  8. Management: Standard Medications (Risk of dependence)
    1. Methylphenidate
    2. d-Amphetamine
    3. Modafinil (Provigil)

Narcolepsy (C0027404)

Definition (MSH)A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
Definition (CSP)recurrent, uncontrollable brief episodes of sleep and lapses in consciousness, often associated with hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, automatic behaviors and sleep paralysis.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9347.0, 347.00
MSHD009290
EnglishGelineau Syndrome, Gelineau's syndrome, Gelineau's Syndromes, Gelineaus Syndrome, Narcolepsy, Narcoleptic Syndrome, Narcoleptic Syndromes, Paroxysmal Sleep
Spanishnarcolepsia, sindrome de Gelineau, sueno paroxistico
Parent ConceptsCNS disorder (C0007682), Narcolepsy-Cataplexy Syndrome (C0751362), Disorders of Excessive Somnolence (C0020524), Parasomnias (C0030508), Hypersomnia (C0917799)
SourcesCOSTAR, CSP, CST, DXP, ICD9CM, LCH, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, MTHICD9, NDFRT, QMR, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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