Mental Health Book

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Narcolepsy

Aka: Narcolepsy
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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Prevalence: 40 per 100,000 (0.02 to 0.18% of adults)
    2. Men and women affected equally
    3. Onset in adolescence
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Excessive Sleepiness
    2. Abnormal REM Sleep
  3. Causes
    1. Idiopathic
      1. Hereditary related to DR-2
    2. Secondary causes
      1. Head Trauma
      2. Encephalopathy
      3. Brain Tumor
      4. Cerebrovascular insufficiency
  4. Symptoms
    1. Recurrent irresistible Daytime Sleepiness
      1. Occurs unexpectedly and at inappropriate times
    2. Cataplexy (25-30% of patients with Narcolepsy)
      1. Brief episodic muscular paralysis
    3. Provocative factors
      1. Emotional events
  5. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Hypersomnolence
    2. Sleep Apnea
    3. Other Primary Hypersomnia (uncommon)
      1. Idiopathic Hypersomnia
      2. Menstrual Hypersomnia
      3. Kleine-Levin Syndrome (rare syndrome of male teens)
  6. Evaluation
    1. See Hypersomnolence
  7. Diagnosis: Sleep Study
    1. Shortened REM latency
      1. Rapid transition to REM
  8. Management: Standard Medications (Risk of dependence)
    1. See Hypersomnia
    2. Modafinil (Provigil)
      1. Best safety profile and lowest abuse potential of all stimulant agents
    3. Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
    4. Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
  9. References
    1. Billiard (2008) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 4(3):557-66
    2. Pagel (2009) Am Fam Physician 79(5): 391-6
    3. Thorpy (2006) CNS Drugs 20(1): 43-50

Narcolepsy (C0027404)

Definition (NCI) A sleep disorder characterized by a tendency for excessive sleepiness during the day which occurs even after adequate sleep in the nighttime. The persons who suffer from this condition experience fatigue and may fall asleep at inappropriate times during the day.
Definition (MSH) A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)
Definition (CSP) recurrent, uncontrollable brief episodes of sleep and lapses in consciousness, often associated with hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, automatic behaviors and sleep paralysis.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D009290
ICD9 347.0
ICD10 G47.419, G47.41
SnomedCT 60380001, 155059003, 267702006
DSM4 347
English Narcolepsy, GELINEAU SYNDROME, NARCOLEPSY, PAROXYSMAL SLEEP, SLEEP, PAROXYSMAL, Syndrome, Gelineau's, paroxysmal sleep, narcolepsy, narcolepsy (diagnosis), Gelineau Syndrome, Gelineau's Syndrome, Gelineaus Syndrome, Syndrome, Gelineau, Narcoleptic Syndrome, Narcoleptic Syndromes, Syndrome, Narcoleptic, Syndromes, Narcoleptic, Paroxysmal Sleep, Sleep, Paroxysmal, Narcolepsy NOS, Narcolepsy [Disease/Finding], narcolepsies, gelineau syndrome, narcolepsy disorder, excessive uncontrollable daytime sleepiness, narcoleptic syndrome, Syndromes, Gelineau's, Gelineau's Syndromes, Gelineau's syndrome, Paroxysmal sleep, Narcoleptic syndrome, Narcolepsy (disorder), gelineau's syndrome, gélineau's syndrome
French NARCOLEPSIE, Narcolepsie, Syndrome de Gélineau, Syndrome narcoleptique, Maladie de Gélineau
Portuguese NARCOLEPSIA, Narcolepsia, Síndrome de Gélineau, Sono Paroxístico
Spanish NARCOLEPSIA, Narcolepsy, Sueno Paroxistico, Sueño Paroxístico, narcolepsia (trastorno), narcolepsia, sueño paroxístico, síndrome de Gelineau, Narcolepsia, Síndrome de Gelineau, Sindrome de Gelineau
German NARKOLEPSIE, Narkolepsie, Schlafanfall, Gélineau-Syndrom
Swedish Narkolepsi
Japanese ﾅﾙｺﾚﾌﾟｼｰ, 睡眠発作, 持続睡眠, ナルコレプシー
Czech narkolepsie, Narkolepsie
Finnish Narkolepsia
Russian NARKOLEPSIIA, НАРКОЛЕПСИЯ
Polish Senność napadowa, Narkolepsja
Hungarian Narcolepsia
Dutch narcolepsie, Gelineau-syndroom, Narcolepsie, Paroxismale slaap
Italian Narcolessia
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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