Pulmonology Book

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Hemoptysis Causes

Aka: Hemoptysis Causes, Bloody Sputum Causes
  1. Causes
    1. Non-respiratory tract sources (Differential Diagnosis)
      1. Nasopharyngeal source of bleeding
      2. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    2. Common Causes of respiratory tract bleeding
      1. Infection (60-70% of Hemoptysis)
        1. Acute Bronchitis (26% of Hemoptysis)
        2. Pneumonia (10% of Hemoptysis)
          1. Staphylococcus aureus
          2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        3. Tuberculosis (8% of Hemoptysis)
        4. Fungal organisms (e.g. Aspergillosis)
        5. Influenza
      2. Lung Cancer (23% of Hemoptysis)
        1. Hemoptysis is rarely due to metastases
    3. Less common causes of respiratory tract bleeding
      1. Cardiovascular causes
        1. Pulmonary venous Hypertension
          1. Congestive Heart Failure
          2. Severe Mitral Stenosis
        2. Pulmonary Embolism
        3. Arteriovenous malformation
      2. Pulmonary causes
        1. Bronchiectasis
        2. Airway trauma or foreign body (esp. children)
        3. Lung Abscess
        4. Goodpasture's Syndrome
        5. Wegener's Granulomatosis
        6. Lupus pneumonitis
  2. Causes: Blood streaked Sputum
    1. Upper respiratory inflammation
      1. Nose or nasopharynx
      2. Gums
      3. Larynx
    2. Severe coughing paroxysms
    3. Trauma
  3. Causes: Pink Sputum
    1. Blood and secretions mix in alveoli, small Bronchioles
    2. Conditions associated with pink Sputum
      1. Pneumonia
      2. Pulmonary edema
  4. Causes: Heavy Bleeding into respiratory tree
    1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    2. Lung Abscess
    3. Bronchiectasis
    4. Pulmonary infarction
    5. Pulmonary Embolism
    6. Bronchogenic Carcinoma
    7. Broncholithiasis
    8. Mitral Stenosis
    9. ActinomycosisLung Abscess
    10. BlastomycosisLung Abscess

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