Gastroenterology Book

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Salmonella

Aka: Salmonella, Salmonellosis, Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis
  1. See Also
    1. Diarrhea
    2. Infectious Diarrhea
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Natural Hosts: Ducks, birds
    2. Pets
      1. Reptiles
      2. Birds
    3. Foodborne Illness Sources (95%)
      1. Eggs
      2. Cheese
      3. Dry cereal
      4. Ice Cream
      5. Poultry
      6. Unpeeled fruit
      7. Vegetables
    4. All serotypes are pathogenic
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Caused by Salmonella typhimurium (non-typhoid)
  4. Symptoms
    1. Rapid onset Diarrhea in 12-36 hours from ingestion
  5. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Ulcerative Colitis
  6. Labs
    1. Routine Stool Culture
  7. Complications
    1. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    2. Toxic Megacolon
    3. Bacteremia (5%)
    4. Cardiovascular (25% bacteremic patients over age 50)
      1. Abdominal aorta infection
      2. Endocarditis
    5. Focal infections in immunocompromised patients
      1. Meningitis
      2. Septic Arthritis
      3. Osteomyelitis
      4. Cholangitis
      5. Pneumonia
  8. Management: General
    1. Growing Antibiotic Resistance
      1. Third generation Cephalosporin resistance increasing
      2. Fluoroquinolone resistance increasing
      3. Hohmann (2001) Clin Infect Dis 32:263-9
    2. Empiric Management
      1. Adult: Fluoroquinolone
      2. Child: See below
  9. Management: Child
    1. Treat for 4-6 weeks for disseminated disease
    2. Ampicillin for 14 days
      1. Indications
        1. Immunocompromised child
        2. Chronic disease
        3. Age under 3 months
      2. Dose: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg PO or IV every 6 hours
    3. Amoxicillin for 14 days
      1. Dose: 10-13 mg/kg PO tid
    4. Bactrim for 14 days
      1. Dose: 5 mg Trimethoprim/kg (maximum 160 mg) PO bid
      2. Avoid in age under 3 months
    5. Chloramphenicol
  10. Course
    1. Incubation: 6-24 hours
    2. Duration of Illness: 1 week (untreated)
    3. Infectious: Asymptomatic shedding for 3-4 weeks

Salmonella (C0036111)

Definition (NCI) A genus of motile, rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria.
Definition (NCI) Any bacteria that is not assigned to the species level but can be assigned to the Salmonella genus level.
Definition (MSH) A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Definition (CSP) genus of gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source; it is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia; food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation; organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Concepts Bacterium (T007)
MSH D012475
SnomedCT 27268008
English Salmonella, SALMONELLA, Salmonella, NOS, Genus Salmonella (organism), Salmonella (organism), 171 SALMONELLA, Salmonella Lignieres 1900, SALMONELLA SEROGROUP D (NOT S. TYPHI), salmonella, salmonella bacteria, salmonellas, Genus Salmonella
French Salmonelles, Salmonella, Salmonelle
Swedish Salmonella
Czech Salmonella
Spanish género Salmonella (organismo), Salmonella (organismo), Salmonella, género Salmonella
Finnish Salmonella
Russian SAL'MONELLY, САЛЬМОНЕЛЛЫ
Croatian SALMONELLA
Polish Salmonella, Pałeczki durowe i rzekomodurowe
German Salmonella
Italian Salmonella
Dutch Salmonella
Portuguese Salmonella
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Salmonella infections (C0036117)

Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is the most common cause of foodborne illness. Salmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables.

Symptoms include fever, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and headache. Symptoms usually last 4 - 7 days. Most people get better without treatment. It can be more serious in the elderly, infants and people with chronic conditions. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious, or even life-threatening. The usual treatment is antibiotics.

You also can get a salmonella infection after handling pets, particularly reptiles like snakes, turtles and lizards. Typhoid fever, a more serious disease caused by Salmonella, frequently occurs in developing countries.

NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Definition (CSP) infections with bacteria of the genus Salmonella
Definition (MSH) Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D012480
ICD9 003.9
ICD10 A02.9
SnomedCT 187270006, 186102000, 302231008, 105627003, 186094005
English Infections, Salmonella, Salmonella, Salmonella Infections, Salmonelloses, Salmonellosis, Infection, Salmonella, SALMONELLA INFECTION, Salmonella Infection, SALMONELLA, Salmonella infection NOS, Salmonella infection, unspecified, Salmonella infectn,unspecfd, [X]Salmonella infection, unspecified, [X]Salmonella infectn,unspecfd, SALMONELLA INFECT, INFECT SALMONELLA, Salmonella infections, SALMONELLOSIS, [X]Salmonella infection, unspecified (disorder), Salmonella infection (diagnosis), Salmonella infection NOS (disorder), Salmonella Infections [Disease/Finding], salmonella, salmonella infections, salmonella infection, salmonelloses, Salmonella infection, Salmonella infection (disorder), salmonellosis, infection; Salmonella
Italian Infezioni da salmonella, Salmonella, Infezione da Salmonella NAS, Infezioni da Salmonella non specificate, Salmonellosi, Infezioni da Salmonella
Dutch Salmonella-infectie NAO, Salmonella, Salmonella-infectie, niet-gespecificeerd, infectie; Salmonella, Salmonella-infectie, niet gespecificeerd, Salmonella-infecties, salmonellose, Salmonella-infectie, Salmonellose
French Infection à Salmonella SAI, Infection à Salmonella, non précisée, Salmonella, Salmonellose, Infections à Salmonelles, Infections à Salmonella, Infections à salmonelles, Salmonelloses
German Salmonellen, Salmonelleninfektion, unspezifisch, Salmonelleninfektion NNB, Salmonelleninfektion, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Salmonellose, Salmonelleninfektionen, Salmonellosen
Portuguese Salmonela, Infecção a salmonela NE, Infecções a salmonela, Infecções por Salmonella, Salmonelose
Spanish Salmonella, Infección por salmonella NEOM, Infección por salmonella no especificada, Salmonellosis, [X]infección por Salmonella, no especificada, [X]infección por Salmonella, no especificada (trastorno), infección por Salmonella (trastorno), infección por Salmonella, SAI (trastorno), infección por Salmonella, SAI, infección por Salmonella, salmonelosis (concepto no activo), salmonelosis (trastorno), salmonelosis, Infecciones por salmonella, Salmonelosis, Infecciones por Salmonella
Japanese サルモネラ感染、詳細不明, サルモネラ感染NOS, サルモネラ, サルモネラ感染, サルモネラカンセンNOS, サルモネラカンセン, サルモネラカンセンショウサイフメイ, サルモネラ, サルモネラショウ, サルモネラ感染症, サルモネラ症
Swedish Salmonellainfektioner
Czech Salmonella - infekce, salmonelóza, Salmonella, Salmonelové infekce, Salmonelóza, Salmonelová infekce, blíže neurčená, Salmonelová infekce NOS
Finnish Salmonelloosit
Russian SAL'MONELLEZY, САЛЬМОНЕЛЛЕЗЫ
Korean 상세불명의 살모넬라 감염
Croatian SALMONELOZE
Polish Zakażenie Salmonella, Salmonelozy, Zakażenie pałeczką duru i pałeczką duru rzekomego
Hungarian Salmonella fertőzés, nem meghatározott, Salmonella fertőzés k.m.n., Salmonella, Salmonella fertőzések, salmonellosis
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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