Gastroenterology Book

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SalmonellaAka: Salmonellosis, Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis

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  1. See Also
    1. Diarrhea
    2. Infectious Diarrhea
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Natural Hosts: Ducks, birds
    2. Pets
      1. Reptiles
      2. Birds
    3. Foodborne Illness Sources (95%)
      1. Eggs
      2. Cheese
      3. Dry cereal
      4. Ice Cream
      5. Poultry
      6. Unpeeled fruit
      7. Vegetables
    4. All serotypes are pathogenic
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Caused by Salmonella typhimurium (non-typhoid)
  4. Symptoms
    1. Rapid onset Diarrhea in 12-36 hours from ingestion
  5. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Ulcerative Colitis
  6. Labs
    1. Routine Stool Culture
  7. Complications
    1. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
    2. Toxic Megacolon
    3. Bacteremia (5%)
    4. Cardiovascular (25% bacteremic patients over age 50)
      1. Abdominal aorta infection
      2. Endocarditis
    5. Focal infections in immunocompromised patients
      1. Meningitis
      2. Septic Arthritis
      3. Osteomyelitis
      4. Cholangitis
      5. Pneumonia
  8. Management: General
    1. Growing Antibiotic Resistance
      1. Third generation Cephalosporin resistance increasing
      2. Fluoroquinolone resistance increasing
      3. Hohmann (2001) Clin Infect Dis 32:263
    2. Empiric Management
      1. Adult: Fluoroquinolone
      2. Child: See below
  9. Management: Child
    1. Treat for 4-6 weeks for disseminated disease
    2. Ampicillin for 14 days
      1. Indications
        1. Immunocompromised child
        2. Chronic disease
        3. Age under 3 months
      2. Dose: 12.5 to 25 mg/kg PO or IV every 6 hours
    3. Amoxicillin for 14 days
      1. Dose: 10-13 mg/kg PO tid
    4. Bactrim for 14 days
      1. Dose: 5 mg Trimethoprim/kg (maximum 160 mg) PO bid
      2. Avoid in age under 3 months
    5. Chloramphenicol
  10. Course
    1. Incubation: 6-24 hours
    2. Duration of Illness: 1 week (untreated)
    3. Infectious: Asymptomatic shedding for 3-4 weeks

Salmonella (C0036111)

Definition (CSP)genus of gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source; it is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia; food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation; organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Definition (MSH)A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
ConceptsBacterium (T007)
MSHD012475
EnglishGenus Salmonella, Salmonella, Salmonella Lignieres 1900
Spanishgenero Salmonella
Parent ConceptsEnterobacteriaceae (C0014346)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, MSH, MTH, NCBI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Salmonella infections (C0036117)

Definition (MSH)Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.
Definition (CSP)infections with bacteria of the genus Salmonella
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9003.9
MSHD012480
EnglishINFECT SALMONELLA, SALMONELLA INFECT, Salmonella infection, Salmonella infections, Salmonelloses, Salmonellosis
Spanishinfeccion por Salmonella, salmonelosis
Parent ConceptsBacterial Infections (C0004623), Enterobacteriaceae Infections (C0014347), Other salmonella infections (C0152485), Salmonella infections (C0036117), Duplicate concept (C1274013), Intestinal infectious disease due to Gram-negative bacteria (C1533030)
SourcesAOD, COSTAR, CSP, ICD9CM, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, MTH, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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